Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medical Anthropology Test 1 > Medical Anthro Test 1 > Flashcards

Medical Anthro Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Diffusionism

A

1800-1910. Can trace anything back to its root (point of origin) and watch it diffuse across the globe. Medicine is simply a social process and must be studied like any other. (Flags on a map). Theme: culture change. Non-Western Med: Traceable traits- Skull measuring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Functionalism

A

1920’s. Analyzes the contribution that each social institution makes to the continuation of the social system. Society like a body- each part must function in order to make the whole work. Began transition from arm chair to field work. Theme: Mechanical efficiency. Non Western Med: Adaptive in context.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

prevalence

A

Measure of burden of disease. Proportional Measurement. Proportion of the population, at a certain time, that are afflicted with a condition. Prevalence /Population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

incidence

A

Measure of development. # of NEW cases reported during a certain period of time. Way to get a measure on a populations interaction with a condition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

epidemic

A

No prior experience with the disease Ex. SARS, small pox (native americans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

age specific mortality/Infant Mortality

A

numb of deaths of bebes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

endemic

A

Diseases that have become part of the normal epidemiological profile Ex: Flu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pathogenicity

A
  1. once in you does that pathogen make you sick - ability to make you sick
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

infectivity

A
  1. how easily pathogen is able to get into you
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

virulence

A
  1. how bad is the disease/illness once it gets in you
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

chronic diseases

A

are illnesses that are prolonged, do not resolve spontaneously, and are rarely curred completely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

somatic

A

physical or corpreal part of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

genotypic/phenotypic

A

Genotypic: Gene

Phenotypic: How it is explained- depends on the gene but may express physically different

Ex: Sickle Cell anemia- homogenic- get sickle cell anemia, heterogenic- adaptation for malaria

Ex: High altitude- 2 brothers- same gene pool. One born at altitude- one not. One will have barrell chest/big lung capacity. Other not born at altitude- will not have. Physical differences: phenotypic differences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

homozygous

A

bearing two identical alleles at a genetic locus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

heterozygous

A

bearing two different alleles at a genetic locus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

SARS

A

A virulently infectious disease originating in China in 2002, caused by a corona virus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Emerging Diseases

A

After the second transition. Humans exploring new areas- new diseases are the result). Ex: Lyme disease, SARS, ebola.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Functionalism

A

1920’s. Analyzes the contribution that each social institution makes to the continuation of the social system. Began transition from arm chair to field work. Society like a body- each part must function in order to make the whole work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Interpretive (aka ethnomedical)

A

Focuses on the meanings that human groups attribute to experiences (ex. Sickness) Meaning over reason. Ex. Meaning of heart vs. liver- experience of transplant recipient. Derived from Cultural Anthropology. How you define what is normal and what is not = culturally specific. Culture is the lens through which we view our bodies. Research: Is threshold of pain the same in every country? Idiom of illness based on cultural assumptions about what makes you sick. Must understand- biomedical approach and cultural understanding. Ex: Leprosy- diff experience in diff parts of the world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Critical (aka political-economy)

A

stresses the importace of political and economic structures, especially global capitalism, on the health of human populations.

Sees biomedicine as a mechanism of capitalist state. Biomedicine is a ststem that perpetuates a certain type of political system through overy and covery oppression/ coersion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Dano

A

“harm”- caused by sorcery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Kuru

A

Interpretive model.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Genetic Adaptation

A

Generational.

56
Q

Development Adaptation

A

Life long.

57
Cultural Adaptation
Culturally specific.
58
Cholera
1990's Peru. Increased # ppl at beach in hot months + bad sanitation structure + plankton blooming + consumption of ceviche + untreated sewage dumped into the ocean from internation ships. Peru in financial crises- cutting social services- less nutrition/health care- critical scholars.
59
Interpretive (Basic)
How human communities make sense of the experience of disease. Theme: Meaning Systems. Non western med: Symbolic
60
Ecological (Basic)
Looks both from the point of view of the human and the pathogen- to see dynamic interplay.
61
Critical Scholars critique of Ecological Scholars
Ecological scholars not paying attention to political factors
62
SARS
Emerging Disease
63
Lyme Disease
Emerging Disease
64
HIV/AIDS
Emerging Disease- humans moving into forests where animals had the disease
65
Evolutionary Biology (Synthetic Theory of Evolution)
Reclaiming evolution. Synthesis of Mendelian genetics and Darwinian selection into a modern theory of evolutionary change.
66
Ecological Perspective
Analyzes the adaptive relationship between human groups and the biotic/nonbiotic environments that they inhabit
67
Leprosy
Hawaii, India, Lousiana
68
Epidemiological Transition (Including the revised model)
**Original:** transition has been from acute to chronic diseases, linear progression. Acute diseases seen in poor countries- chronic in rich countries. **Critique (made by anthropologists- Barrett):** No linear quality, no clear cut- pre vs. post transition. Instead- there are pockets of rich countries where acute diseases still dominate. Re-emerging and Emerging diseases also an issue. **Revised Model:** Study transition all the way back- 2 major transitions. **#1**: Hunter Gatherer to Agriculturalist: pop increased, zoonotic diseases increased ,bad sanitation, food contamination, food storage led to food rot **#2**: Farm to factory (modern cities): less acute diseases but more chronic diseases (safer jobs, better infrastrucutre, improved medical centers/discoveries, better sanitation) - transition only happened for first world.
69
Disease of Civilization
a
70
Comorbidity
two or more coexisting medical conditions or disease processes that are additional to an initial diagnosis
71
Cultural Ecology
studies the relationship between a given society and its natural environment as well as the life-forms and ecosystems that support its lifeways
72
Explanatory Models
Arthur Kleinman: Response and interpertation of disease is culturally based Ex: Reaction in Hawaii vs. India to Leprosy
73
Culture Bound Syndromes
combination of psychiatric and somatic symptoms that are considered to be a recognizable disease only within a specific society or culture.
74
Global Disease Ecology
Diseases/Illness that effect people world wide. Product of mass tranportation of goods and peoples. Ex: salmonella/SARS
75
Global Germ Governance
Global response to a disease. Ex: WHO limiting travel during the SARS epidemic.
76
Long Term Adaptation
Ex: adaptation to sickle cell anemia.
77
Short Term Adaptation
Ex: Chicken Pox- after you have had it once you do not get it again.
78
ERT
Estrogen Replacement Therapy
79
TRT
Testosterone replacement therapy? Despite dangers- prescriptions on the rise. Reason: as men age harder to have an erection- weight gain.
80
MDRTB
Multi drug resistant tuberculosis. Occurs when the wrong med prescribed or full course of meds not taken- must take meds for very lengthy amount of time.
81
DOTS
Directly observed therapy.
82
ORT
Oral Rehydration Therapy- -Used after diarrhea to rehydrat -inexpensive method that that contributed to lower loss of life during last two cholera pandemics. (Cultural adaptation to cholera.)
83
DDT
Stopped spread of Malaria- used too liberally: dangerous- used sparingly: highly effective
84
Malaria
In Africa: Irrigation systems created a new enviroment for anofalese mosquitos. Climate- hot, population- dense. Re-emerging disease- with Global Warming endemic malarial zones will go northward.
85
Sicke- Cell Anemia
a
86
Morbidity
of cases of a disease per population over a period of time (total #)
87
Mortality:
of deaths
88
Re-Emerging Diseaes
Ex: TB Reason: Long tratment period- people do not complete medicine = resistant strain of TB
89
Case Fatality Ratio
- Total deaths from 1 disease - of those diagnosed with a condition- how many died

Medical Anthropology Test 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions