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Medical Flashcards

1
Q

WBC Normal Values

A

Adult 5,000-10,000
Pediatric 4,500-15,500

Determine infection/inflammatory response

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2
Q

Implication:WBC

A

Decreased WBC. Increased WBCs
Bone marrow depression Infection
Influenza. Leukemia
Measles. Major trauma
Mononucleosis. MI
Typhoid
Rubella
Hepatitis
AIDS

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3
Q

Normal Platelet Count

A

150,000-400,000

Evaluate platelet production
An indicator for impaired clotting function

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4
Q

Implication: Platelet Count

A

Decreased platelets Increased platelets
Leukemia. Iron deficiency anemia
Folic acid deficiency Recent surgery
Splenic injury/disease Splenectomy
Bone marrow diseases Major trauma

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5
Q

Normal BUN

A

8-20 mg/dl

Renal function and hydration

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6
Q

Decreased BUN

A

Liver failure
Malnutrition
Excessive IV fluids
Impaired absorption
Nephrotic syndrome
Pregnancy
Low protien diet

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7
Q

Increased BUN (azotemia)

A

Kidney disease
Urinary obstruction
Shock or dehydration
Congestive heart failure
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Infection
Diabetes
MI
Chronic gut

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8
Q

Normal Creatine

A

0.5-1.2 mg/dl

Aid in the diagnosis of renal dysfunction

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9
Q

Increased Creatine

A

Impaired renal function
Chronic nephritis
Unrinary obstruction
Muscle disease
Muscular dystrophy
Poliomyelitis
Diabetic acidosis
Starvation
Hyperthryroidism

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10
Q

Decreased Creatinine

A

Insignificant

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11
Q

BUN/Creatinine Ratio

A

10:1

Elevation of this ratio to greater than 10:1 is indicative of renal failure.

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12
Q

Normal Sodium

A

135-145mEq/L

Evaluate fluid-electrolyte and acid-base balance

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13
Q

Decreased Sodium

A

Inadequate Na+ intake
Excessive Na+ loss
Diuretics
Burns
Vomiting

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14
Q

Increased Sodium

A

Inadequate water intake
Excessive Na+ intake
Diabetes insipidus/excessive water loss
Coma
Cushing’s disease
Tracheobronchitis

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15
Q

Normal Potassium

A

3.5-5.0

Monitor renal function and acid-base balance

Detect the origin of arrhythmia

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16
Q

Decreased Potassium

A

Diarrhea/severe vomiting
Pyloric obstruction
Starvation
Malabdorption
Severe burns
Primary aldosteronism
Renal tibular acidosis
Steriods
Liver disease with ascites

17
Q

Increased potassium

A

Oliguria
Anuria
Cell damage
Acidosis
Addison’s disease
Selective hypoaldosteronism
Internal hemorrhage
Uncontrolled diabetes

18
Q

Normal Chloride

A

91-110 mmol/L

Evaluate acid-base balance, electrolyte balance, and fluid status

19
Q

Decreased Chloride

A

Low Na+ and K+ levels
Chronic renal failure
Gastric suctioning
Vomiting/diarrhea
CHF/edema
Acute infections
Fever
Addison’s disease
Diabetic acidosis

20
Q

Increased Chloride

A

Renal failure
Head injury
Dehydration
Cushing’s syndrome
Hyperventilation
Eclampsia
Anemia
Cardiac decompensation

21
Q

Normal CO2

A

20-30 mEq/L

Evaluates carbon dioxide levels

22
Q

Normal Phosphate

A

2.6-4.6 mg/dl

Detect endocrine, calcium, renal, and skeletal disorders

23
Q

Decreased phosphate

A

Hyperparathyroidism
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Diabetic coma
Hyperinsulinism
Continuous administrtion of IV glucose in a non-diabetic

24
Q

Increased phosphate

A 
Kidney dysfunction
Uremia
Bone tumors
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia
Excessive alkali intake
Excessive intake of vitamin D
Addison’s disease
Acromegaly
25
Normal Calcium
9-11 mg/dl Neurotransmission, muscle contraction and proper heart function.
26
Decreased Calcium
``` Hypoparathyroidism Hyperphosphatemia Malabsorption Alkalosis Osteomalacia Diarrhea Rickets ```
27
Increased Calcium
``` Hyperparathyroidism Bone cancer Addison’s disease Hyperthyroidism Prolonged immobilization Excessive intake of vitamin D Bone fractures Diuretic use Respiratory acidosis ```
28
Normal Total Protein
6.0-8.4 g/dl Protein involvement in enzymes, hormones and antibodies Osmotic pressure balance, maintaining acid-base balance and of nutrition for the bodies tissues and muscles
29
Decreased Total Protein
Albuminuria Severe hemorrhage with plasma replacement Liver disease
30
Increased Total Protein
``` Hemoconcentration Dehydration Vomiting Diarrhea Wound drainage Poor kidney function ```
31
Normal Albumin
3.4-5.0 g/dl Aid in the assessment of liver disease and fluid electrolyte balances
32
Decreased albumin
``` Malnutrition, active inflammation and serious hepatic and renal disease Inadequate iron intake Liver disease Malabsorption Diarrhea Eclampsia Nephrosis Exfoliative dermatitis Third degree burns ```

PHI (5 decks)

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