Mediators of Inflammation

Question 1

Pseudoephedrine

Answer 1

Indirect sympathomimetics

MOA: Displaces stored catecholamines

AES:
– Cardiovascular: increase BP, increase HR, cardiac arrhythmias
– CNS: Paranoia, insomnia, headaches, nervousness

Question 2

Phenylephrine, oxymetazoline

Answer 2

a1 agonist

MOA: stimulates a1 receptor on vascular SM –> VSM contration –> decrease filtration of fluid

AES: rebound congestion

Question 3

Ipratropium

Answer 3

M-antagonist

Use: runny nose/allergic rhinitis only
NO symptoms of stuffy nose or sneezing

MOA: Inhibits M3 receptors to reduce secretion

AES: Anti-muscarinic effects
Dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation

Question 4

Corticosteroid (Fluticasone-nasal spray)

Answer 4

Anti-Inflammatory Drug

Use: Allergic Rhinitis

MOA:
- Activates the glucocorticoid receptor in mast cells & other inflammatory cells
- inhibits synthesis of inflammatory mediators (anti-inflammatory)

Question 5

Cromolyn (inhalers)

Answer 5

Anti-Inflammatory Drug

Use: Allergic Rhinitis

MOA: Mast cell stabilizer. Prevents cells from releasing histamine and other inflammatory leukotrienes

Question 6

Montelukast (oral)

Answer 6

Anti-Inflammatory Drug

Use: Allergic Rhinitis

MOA: LT receptor antagonist
Blocks the action of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes

Question 7

Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheniramine

Answer 7

1st Generation H1 Antihistamines

Use:
Anti-allergy
colds
sedation
motion sickness

AES:
Strong sedative
crosses BBB
anti-cholinergic (dry mouth, urinary retention, dizziness)

Question 8

Loratadine, Desloratadine, Cetirizine

Answer 8

2nd Generation H1 Antihistamines

Use:
Anti-allergy
colds
sedation
motion sickness

AES:

Question 9

Loratadine, Desloratadine, Cetirizine

Answer 9

2nd Generation H1 Antihistamines

Use:
Anti-allergy
colds
anaphylactic shock

AES:
Non-sedative