Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

the space left in the median portion of the chest, contains all the viscera in the thorax excepting the lungs

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2
Q

What are the subdivisions of the inferior mediastinum?

A

anterior, middle, posterior

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3
Q

What are the contents of the middle mediastinum?

A

pericardium, heart, ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, SVC, arch of azygous vein, main bronchi

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4
Q

Where is the posterior mediastinum located?

A

anterior to vertebrae T5-T12

posterior to the pericardium and diaphragm

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5
Q

What does the posterior mediastinum contain?

A

thoracic aorta, thoracic duct, oesophagus, azygos and hemiazygous veins, posterior mediastinal lymph nodes, oesophageal plexus, thoracic sympathetic trunks, thoracic splanchnic nerves

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6
Q

Where does the thoracic aorta begin?

A

left side of the inferior border of the body of T4 vertebra

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7
Q

At what vertebral level does the thoracic aorta change names to the abdominal aorta?

A

inferioir border of T12

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8
Q

What three structures compress the oesophagus?

A

arch of the aorta, left main bronchus, diaphragm

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9
Q

What nerves are present in the superior mediastinum?

A

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

cardiac plexus of nerves

vagus and phrenic nerves

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10
Q

What great vessels are located in the superior mediastinum?

A

arch of aorta and roots of its major braches: brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

superior part of SVC

brachiocephalic veins

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11
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

the superior mediastinum

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12
Q

What is the thymus?

A

a primary lymphoid organ

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13
Q

What happens to the thymus after puberty?

A

undergoes gradual involution and is replaced by fat

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14
Q

Where does the trachea bifurcate?

A

at the sternal angle

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15
Q

What are the layers of pericardium?

A

fibrous, parietal layer of serous, visceral layer of serous

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16
Q
A