Mediastinum

Question 1

Where is mediastinum located

Answer 1

It is a mass of tissue , located between the two pulmonary cavity

Question 2

What is the central compartment of the Thoracic cavity

Answer 2

The mediastinum

Question 3

Mediastinum contains all the thoracic viscera and structures except

Answer 3

The lungs

Question 4

The mediastinum is covered by what

Answer 4

The mediastinum pleura

Question 5

Why is the mediastinum highly mobile

Answer 5

It consists of hollow(liquid or air filled) visceral structures United only by loose connective tissues

Question 6

Divisions of the mediastinum

Answer 6

Superior
Inferior

Question 7

Superior mediastinum

Answer 7

Extends inferiorly from the superior thoracic aperture to the horizontal plane that includes the sternal angle anteriorly and passes approximately through the junction of the t4 and t5 vertebrae posteriorly

Question 8

Inferior mediastinum

Answer 8

Between the transverse thoracic plane and diaphragm

Question 9

Divisions of inferior mediastinum

Answer 9

Inferior mediastinum is divided by the pericardium into anterior middle and posterior parts.

Question 10

What constitutes the middle mediastinum

Answer 10

The pericardium and its contents

Question 11

Contents of the pericardium

Answer 11

The heart and the root of its great vessels

Question 12

Describe the pericardium

Answer 12

It is a fibroserous membrane that covers the heart and the beginning of the great vessels

Question 13

Layers of pericardium

Answer 13

Fibrous layer
Serous layer

Question 14

Divisions of serous layers of pericardium

Answer 14

Parietal layer of serous pericardium
Visceral layer of serous pericardium

Question 15

Contents of middle mediastinum

Answer 15

Pericardium
Heart
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary trunks
Aorta
Phrenic nerves
Lower half of svc,
Terminations of ivc
Lymph nodes

Question 16

Anterior boundary of posterior mediastinum

Answer 16

Pericardium, diaphragm

Question 17

Posterior boundary of posterior mediastinum

Answer 17

Lower 8 thoracic vertebrae

Question 18

Superior boundary of posterior mediastinum

Answer 18

Horizontal plane

Question 19

Inferior border of posterior mediastinum

Answer 19

Diaphragm

Question 20

Contents of posterior mediastinum

Answer 20

V DATES
Left and right vagus
Diaphragm
Azygous and hemiazygous veins
Thoracic ducts
Esophagus
Sympathetic trunks and their branches
Lymph nodes

Question 21

Contents of superior mediastinum

Answer 21

ETA left baby sitting tight
Esophagus
Trachea
Arch of aorta and its 3 branches
Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian
Left and right brachiocephalic veins
Svc
Thymus glands

Nerves
Left and right vagus nerve
Phrenic nerve
Left and right sympathetic trunk
Left recurrent laryngeal

Lymphatic structures
Thoracic ducts
Lymph nodes

Question 22

The fibrous layer of the heart is continuous with the central tendon of the diaphragm via what

Answer 22

Pericardiophrenic ligament

Question 23

Fibrous pericardium is continuous with what superiorly

Answer 23

With the tunica adventita (perivascular c.t)of the great vessels leaving and entering the heart
With the pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia

Question 24

The fibrous layer of the pericardium is attached anteriorly to what

Answer 24

To the posterior surface of the sternum via the sternopericardial ligaments

Question 25

Fibrous layer of pericardium is attached posteriorly to what

Answer 25

It is bound posteriorly by loose connective tissues to structures in the posterior mediastinum