media representation Flashcards
ethnicity
Van Dijk- criminal, abnormal, a threat, unimportant, dependent
Childrens now fairplay : 86% of heroes are white (video games) 86% black female characters portrayed of victims of violence
Ligali: states that the media has been accused of being institutionally racist due to reporting less incidences of murders against minority ethnic groups E.g. Lack of reporting of Yazidi genocide by ISIS
Malik- tokenism white British people found that broadcasters were reflecting multicultural Britain to a satisfactory level, other ethnic groups felt that contrasting this was done ‘very poorly.’ however that reality TV was increasingly more inclusive compared to other genres of TV and there has been a shift in how ethnic minority groups are depicted in new forms of media.
BARKER - Eastenders can be seen to be changing the way in which ethnic minorities are presented through its storylines. Barker points out that there are now a range of Asian and black characters that reflect the demographic of London more fairly than it used to. He states that it is important to note that ethnic minority characters also hold some significant roles and explains that they are given meaningful attention and stories.
gender
nixon and mort - new man Laundrette advert marked an increase and change in male consumption patterns - For the first time men were spending more time, money and effort on their appearance so there was a consumption increase in items such as toiletries and male beauty products. (whannel david beckham)
malvey- male gaze
Furgson - He conducted a content analysis of women’s magazines and counted the number of times specific topics were covered. She concluded that they are based around a “cult of femininity” focussing on family, marriage and appearance.
easthorpe- Easthorpe argues that a variety of media, transmits the view that masculinity based on strength, aggression, competition and violence is biologically determined and therefore, it is a natural goal for boys to achieve.
billington- Women: Are portrayed as subordinate e.g. housewives / in need of being rescued by men. Men: Are portrayed as dominant e.g aggressive / strong / leaders
Guantlett- Women are now depicted in a ‘tougher’ way. Younger audiences are now more open to having female as well as male lead characters in films.
westwood- transgressive female roles in British roles
social class
jones- Developed the concept of ‘chavtainment’ when discussing the development of TV broadcasts that portray a negative view of working class people as “bigoted, slothful and aggressive” - Working class gone from being portrayed, historically, as the “salt to the earth” to “scum of the earth”.
Mertens and D’Haenens - Digital divide in Brussels - Middle class used the social media for career development and knowledge, whereas the working class used it for entertainment.
helpser- digital divide in the uk - w/c less resources
dodd and Dodd - Eastenders - Presents the nostalgic view of the traditional notion of working class communities, but state that this does not accurately reflect a modern day working class culture. Dodd and Dodd do note however, that the show has introduced realism when bravely broaching issues such as drug and alcohol abuse, crime, attempted suicide, abortion, homosexuality and relationship issues – Whilst doing this portray the outdated view of a communal supportive network.
Leech - States that middle class lifestyles are presented as the ‘ideal’ lifestyle in media advertising and developed the concept of the ideal ‘cereal packet family’ to describe the image that is sold to us as desirable.
Nairn - Media representation of the monarchy - After WW11 the monarchy developed close ties with the media industry, since then they have been represented in the media as a family that are ‘like us but not like us’ - Lives is presented as a soap opera. Media representations of royalty also reinforce a sense of national identity.
Newman - Very few films, sitcoms or dramas which give a realistic image of the everyday life of the working class - Working class people are stereotyped and labelled in an unflattering and pitying light.
