media ownership and control

Question 1

concentration of media ownership

Answer 1

this refers to the trend towards fewer individuals /companies owning most of the media

Question 2

concentration of media statistics

Answer 2

UK in 2017 - 10 companies received 70% of the revenue generated by all media companies , and 40% received 92% of all the revenue .

Question 3

in some ways the internet can be controlled by the state but its global nature makes it hard to sensor

Answer 3

curran and seaton

Question 4

measuring concentration

Answer 4

-vertical intergration
-horizontal intergration
-conglomeration and diversification
-global conglomeration
-synergy
-technological convergence

Question 5

vertical intergration

Answer 5

one company owns all stages of media product production ( 1 company owns the film studio and the cinema )

Question 6

horizontal intergration

Answer 6

cross media ownership ( 1 company owns a newspaper and TV companies )

Question 7

conglomeration and diversification

Answer 7

media brunches out into non-media( virgin gets into trains and insurance )

Question 8

global conglomeration

Answer 8

a company buys up other companies in different countries

Question 9

synergy

Answer 9

a media company produces and promotes the same product in different forms for example tv show , dvd , music tracketc

Question 10

technological convergence

Answer 10

one device being able to access various forms of media for example phones can access radio , tv , internet , podcasts , etc

Question 11

the overall perspective of the pluralist approach

Answer 11

-pluralists argue that the media is made up of different outlets expressing a variation of views and opnions that all compete with each other
-whale (1997) says competition is healthy because consumers are able to choose from all these different views
-their main argument is that the audience determines content , as media owners arent able to make money from publishing their personal views and opinions if the audience disagrees
-there are two group in the media , those who have a financial interest and wish to shift social attitudes and those that seek to promote the interests of the narrow range of people

Question 12

pluralists and the audience

Answer 12

-they argue that the audience , is active rather than easily manipulated as we are free to select , reject , and interpret all the different views seen in the media
-agendas in the media are therefore set by the demands of the public and are free from political control

Question 13

pluralist view on journalism

Answer 13

-they argue that journalists are not controlled by media owners , as owners are preoccupied with many products and even global developments to be personally checking every piece of media that is published
-this means journalists / producers / editors have the freedom to shape media content .

Question 14

critisms of pluralism

Answer 14

-its still owners with the power to fire and hire journalists , and they can select high level editors that share the same views and therefore influence the media agenda

Question 15

overall perspective and the audience , marxism instrumentalist theory

Answer 15

-argue that members of the ruling class own the media , and use it to maintain power over the WC and reproduce false - class conscious through ideology (controlling what is news / entertainment ).
-marxists believe the role of the media is to keep audiences passive and therefore unable to challenge the ways of capitalist society
-they government doesnt regulate this biased media because they are also part of the ruling class / elite that use the media to manipulate us .
-miliband (1979) media owners share cultural capital and may have attended the same unis and have a social network based on supporting their own interests
-they argue journalists are too afraid of losing their jobs to go against biased reporting .