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Question 1

Define Institutional Aggression

Answer 1

Aggression or violent behaviour that takes place within the social context of a prison or other formal organised setting

Question 2

What are the causes for aggression in prisons

Answer 2

• Feeling of anger or antipathy resulting in hostile or violent behaviour, readiness to attack or confront
• The action of attacking without provocation.
• Forcefulness

Question 3

Define Instrumental Aggression

Answer 3

A premeditated aggressive action that is carried out to achieve a specific goal

Question 4

Define Hostile Aggression

Answer 4

Violent attitudes or actions that are associated with anger and a desire to dominate a situation or others.

It displays itself in verbal, non verbal, physical ways and holds the intention of causing harm

Question 5

Dispositional Explanations of aggression

Answer 5

Any explanation of behavioural that highlights the importance of the individuals personality.
Such explanations are often contrasted with situational explanations.

Question 6

Situational Explanations of aggression

Answer 6

Any explanation that identifies the cause of behaviour as existing within the environment which may include other people such explanations are contrasted with dispositional explanations.

Question 7

Explain The importation Model

Answer 7

This explanation focuses on the personality characteristics that prison inmates take into the prison with them. For example inmates with values, attitudes, experiences, and social norms that tend towards violent behaviour towards other people will be more likely to engage in interpersonal violence than inmates with less violent personalities and experiences. Often it is younger inmates that tend to behave violently as they are more likely to find it harder to adjust to prison life, and may therefore engage in more conflicts with others, and are more likely to view aggression as an appropriate way of dealing with conflict. The importation model argues therefore that it is not the situational pressures of the prison (or other institution) that causes aggression, but rather the personalities of the individuals within it.

Question 8

Explain The Deprivation Model

Answer 8

the deprivation model argues that it is the situation inmates find themselves in within the prison that causes violent behaviour. The deprivation model suggests that members of institutions, such as inmates within a prison, are deprived of things such as freedom, home comforts, and social networks, and that this deprivation causes frustration that in turn leads to violent behaviour towards other inmates, the building itself, and staff. The model is an extension of the frustration-aggression hypothesis.

Question 9

Research For The Importation Model - DeLisi

Answer 9

DeLisi studied 813 Juvenile delinquents confined in institutions in California. These were inmates who brought into confinement several negative dispositional features such as experiences of childhood trauma, high levels of anger and irritability a history of substances abuse and a history of violent behaviour.

These inmates were more likely to engage in suicidal activity and sexual misconduct and committed more acts of physical violence that were brought to the attention of the parole board.