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H1 General Paper > Media > Flashcards

Media Flashcards

1
Q

What did E.Q say about social media?

A

“Social media has made the web all about me, me, me” —Erik Qualman

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2
Q

In which United Nations (UN) declaration is the right to freedom of opinion and expression enshrined?

A

The right to freedom of opinion and expression is enshrined in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

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3
Q

How many journalists were killed in the last two decades?

A

According to Reporters Without Borders, a staggering 1668 journalists have been killed in connection with their work from 2003 to 2022

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4
Q

In his four years of presidency, how many false or misleading claims have Trump made?

A

In his four years of presidency, Trump has made over 30,000 false or misleading claims, according to The Washington Post

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5
Q

What is an example of government-initiated internet shutdowns?

A

During the wave of demonstrations across Iran in 2022, protestors realised that popular messaging apps like WhatsApp failed to connect, and the internet was completely offline in many areas

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6
Q

What is an example of fake news from the media which is difficult to discern?

A

In 2019, a doctored video of Nancy Pelosi, which was altered to make her sound drunk, was viewed over 2 million times after it was posted to Facebook and shared by President Trump on Twitter (now renamed X)

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7
Q

How is Singapore fighting misinformation spread through the media?

A

The Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 is a law which enables the Parliament of Singapore to respond to fake news through a graduated process of enforcing links to fact-checking statements, censorship, and criminal charges

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8
Q

How widespread is misinformation?

A

An Ipsos survey, which involved more than 25 thousand interviews in over 25 economies revealed that well over 4 out of 5 online global citizens believe that they have been exposed to fake news, with nearly 9 in 10 reporting to have initially believed that the news was real, at least once

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9
Q

What are some efforts by the media to remain trustworthy?

A

The BBC operates its BBC Reality Check team, which verifies claims made in the news and on social media, providing detailed analyses and corrections

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10
Q

What is an example of social media allowing the disabled community to raise awareness about its struggles?

A

Molly Burke, a Canadian influencer who is blind, has amassed over 1.4 million followers on TikTok, receiving opportunities to collaborate with activists like Greta Thunberg and Malala, as well as Fortune 500 companies like Microsoft and Amazon

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11
Q

What are 2 examples of food influencers who encourage greater open-mindedness in society through social media?

A

@mariana.tashaa and @thekoreanvegan

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12
Q

What is an example of social media facilitating diverse conversations in Singapore?

A

Rise of alternative media platforms, such as The Online Citizen and Rice Media

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13
Q

What is an example of extremists online engaging in hate as a form of gaining attention and garnering social approval?

A

For instance, white supremacists and neo-Nazis often include codes and symbols in their posts, such as “88”, which have shared meaning for the in-group, but are opaque to outsiders, including the very people that their messages vilify

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14
Q

What is an example related to a conspiracy theory that shows how widespread misinformation is?

A

A study by the Pew Research Center in 2020 found that nearly half of the Americans surveyed had heard of the Qanon conspiracy theory

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15
Q

What is an example of social media giving individuals the power to mobilise and advocate for causes they care about (US)?

A

After a video of George Floyd being killed during his arrest was shared online, it was circulated widely and rapidly across the globe, reigniting the Black Lives Matter movement. According to the Pew Research Center, the use of ‘#BlackLivesMatter’ surged after the death of George Floyd, peaking at over 1.2 million uses in a single day

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16
Q

What is an example of social media giving individuals the power to mobilise and advocate for causes they care about (Iran)?

A

In 2022, the social media outrage over the death of 22-year-old Mahra Amini, just 3 days after her arrest by the morality police in Tehran, prompted large-scale protests in Iran. As videos of women cutting their hair and burning their hijab spread, Iran ultimately announced the abolition of the morality police

17
Q

What is an example of social media being used to amplify minority voices in Singapore?

A

Pink Dot

18
Q

What are some examples which show slacktivism?

A

Ominous black squares in support of the Black Lives Matter movement, videos of people dying their hair, working out, and painting their nails for Ukraine after the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian War

19
Q

What is an example of the widespread perception of social media being important? (Hook)

A

The South East Technological University in Ireland has launched a first-of-its-kind degree in online content creation and social media

20
Q

What did Barack Obama say with regard to freedom of speech?

A

In his speech to the United Nations (UN) General Assembly, Barack Obama asserted, “I accept that people are going to call me awful things every day, and I will always defend their right to do so”

21
Q

What is an example of freedom of speech and the media being crucial in exposing corruption?

A

In the Watergate Scandal, Washington Post reporters doggedly pursued allegations of campaign misdeeds and presidential crimes, which eventually led to the indictments of a number of White House officials and the resignation of President Richard Nixon

22
Q

What is a negative example of politicians facing backlash on social media (UK)?

A

In November 2022, the BBC revealed that over 3000 offensive tweets are sent to UK Members of Parliament every day, and the level of increasing violence and vitriolic comments have left politicians “afraid to speak their mind on important issues”

23
Q

What data shows that online aggression has become more widespread?

A

A study released in December 2022 by the Pew Research Center found that nearly half of teens aged 13 to 17 in the United States have experienced cyberbullying

24
Q

What is an example of politicians using social media to spread misinformation (Brazil)?

A

According to a federal police report, former Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro directly spread disinformation on Brazil’s voting system through social media, claiming multiple times that the electronic voting system was rigged during the 2018 presidential election

25
Q

How is the UK infringing on privacy?

A

Investigatory Powers Act

H1 General Paper (5 decks)

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