medevile and renaissance Flashcards
Pitch =
perceived frequency of a sound, which determines how high or low it sounds to the human ear. It is directly related to the frequency of
How does frequency effect pitch
higher frequencies correspond to higher pitches, and lower frequencies correspond to lower pitches
How does Size of vibrating affect pitch
larger objects vibrate at lower frequencies, producing lower pitches, while smaller objects vibrate at higher frequencies, producing higher pitches.
Pitch range =
refers to the span of pitches that a voice or instrument can produce, from the lowest to the highest note.
Dynamics:
The volume of music, indicating how loud or soft it should be played.
Accents/Dynamic Accents:
Emphasized notes that stand out in the music.
Timbre/Tone Color:
The unique quality of a sound that makes it different from other sounds.
Brass Instruments (Sound production method) =
Musical instruments made of brass or other metals, played by blowing air (BUZZING )through a mouthpiece
Reed =
attached to the mouthpiece and vibrates against it when the player blows air.
Single reed=
Clarinet,saxophone
Double reed=
oboe, bassoon, English horn
Beat-
is the basic pulse of music that you can tap your foot to.
Rhythm-
is the pattern of beats and silences in music.
Meter-
is the pattern of beats in music, organized into groups.
Melody-
is a sequence of musical notes that are perceived as a single, coherent entity. (horizontal sound)
Harmony
combination of different musical notes played or sung simultaneously to create a pleasing sound. It adds depth and richness to music, complementing the melody
Harmony Function
Adds texture, emotion,support
Chord-
group of notes played at the same time to create a unique sound
Dissonance
refers to a chord that sounds tense or harsh
Consonance-
refers to intervals or chords that sound pleasant, stable, and harmonious.
Key
group of pitches or scale that forms the basis of a musical composition. It is centered around the main note of the key
Key function
adds tone, structure and a sense of unity to the music
Monophonic:
Definition: A single melodic line without any accompaniment.
Example: A solo singer performing a melody without any background music.
Homophonic:
Definition: A primary melody accompanied by chords or harmony.
Example: A singer performing a melody with piano accompaniment.
Polyphonic:
Definition: Multiple independent melodic lines played or sung simultaneously.
Example: A choir singing different melodies at the same time, like in a fugue.
Imitation:
Definition: A musical technique where a melody or phrase is repeated by another voice or instrument, often at a different pitch or time.
Example: In a round, like “Row, Row, Row Your Boat,” where each voice enters at different times with the same melody.
Form -
music refers to the structure or organization of a musical composition. It describes how different sections of a piece are arranged and how they relate to each other.
Dates (Know when both the Middle Ages and Renaissance were)-
Middle Ages, 450-1450
Renaissance, 1450-1600
Middle Ages (Most important musical institution? What types of performers were most pieces written for?)
the catholic church and written for worship and for monks and nuns and kings court
Gregorian Chant (Definition? Most Important element/what needed to be heard? What texture?)
Gregorian chant is a form of plainchant used in the liturgical services of the Roman Catholic Church?(mono phonic) and was clear chant of the sacred text.
Church Services (2 types that monks and nuns sang at)
the divine office and the mass
Hildegard of Bingen (Who was she?) -
Visionary and mystic and Creative in many areas: poetry, music, theology, science
roubadours and trouveres (Who were they/what did they do? What were the topics of their songs?
were medieval poet-musicians whos song topic were about love,chivalry and heroic deeds and possible political issues
Minstrels (Who were they and what did they do?)
Minstrels were professional performers who traveled from place to place, entertaining people in castles, courts
Other Functions of Secular Music in the Middle Ages-
Dancing, celebrations and festivals
Guillaume de Machaut (Who was he and what types of music did he write?)
was a prominent French composer and poet, who invented complex polyphonic music such as masses,motets
what is a mass and what are the 5 parts
mass is a music performance for celebration Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus and Agnus Dei
Notre Dame Mass (What is special about it?)
is renowned for its historical and spiritual significance. main places of celebrations
Renaissance (Dates, what texture was most popular?)
Renaissance, 1450-1600,polyphonic
A cappella-
singing with no instruments
Reformation-
was a religious movement in the 16th century that aimed to reform the Roman Catholic Church. It began in 1517 when Martin Luther published his Ninety-Five Theses, criticizing church practices
Counter Reformation -
was initiated by the Roman Catholic Church to address the issues raised by the Reformation and to reform itself from within. This movement began with the Council of Trent
Motet (What is it? Sacred or secular?)
sacred short polyphonic choral work Latin text usually overlaid with vernacular text
G.P. da Palestrina (Who was he and why was he important?)
Palestrina was a leading figure in the development of polyphony, a style of music where multiple independent melody lines are sung or played simultaneously.
Madrigal (What is it?)
For several solo voices set to a short
poem, usually about love
* Combined homophonic and
polyphonic textures
* Word painting
Renaissance instrumental music (Used mostly for what?)
used for social gatherings and entertainment
Word Painting (What is it? What piece that we listened to contains examples of it?
music reflects the literal meaning of the lyrics. For example, ascending scales might be used to represent rising action or joy
