Med Terms 2 Flashcards
Essential hypertension
Abnormally high blood pressure that’s not from a medical condition
Secondary hypertension
High blood pressure caused by another medical condition
Preload
The amount of ventricular stretch at the end of diastole
Afterload
The force or load against which the heart has to contract to eject the blood
Stroke volume
Volume of blood ejected per beat from the left or right ventricle
Peripheral resistance
The resistance in the circulatory system that is used to create blood pressure, the flow of blood and is also a component of cardiac function
Arteries
A blood vessel that Carrie’s blood from the heart to tissues and organs in the body. AWAY
Veins
A blood vessel that carries blood to the heart from tissues and organs in the body
Reflex tachycardia
When blood pressure decreases the heart beats faster in attempt to raise it
Hypotension
Decrease in systemic blood pressure below accepted low values
Shock
Life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow
Systole
Period of contraction of the ventricles of the heart that occurs between the first and second heart sounds of the cardiac cycle
Diastole
The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the heart relaxes between contractions
Cardiac output
Amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in a minute
Bulk-forming laxatives
Soften fecal mass and increase bulk, which is identical to the action of dietary fiber
Surfactant laxatives
Lower surface tension of the stool to allow penetration of water. This softens the stool so it can be passed more easily.
Stimulant laxatives
Stimulate intestinal peristalsis and increase the volume of water and electrolytes in the intestines
Osmotic laxatives
Draw water into the intestine to increase the mass of stool, stretching musculature, which results in peristalsis
Probiotics
Various preparations of bacteria and yeast, help metabolize food, promote nutrient absorption and reduce colonization by pathogenic bacteria. They can also increase nonspecific cellular and humoral immunity.
Peristalsis
Series of wave like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract
Diarrhea
Loose, watery stools three or more times a day
Constipation
Condition in which stool becomes hard, dry, and difficult to pass, and bowel movements don’t happen very often
Antidiarrheal drug
Activate opioid receptors in the GI tract to decrease intestinal motility and to increase absorption of fluid and sodium in the intestine.
