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Chapter 7 > Med Terms > Flashcards

Med Terms Flashcards

0
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Cavities within skull, connected to nasal cavity by short ducts
1) makes skull lighter, retaining shape
2) gives resonance to voice, create sounds
3) produce mucus to lubricate nasal tissues
4 pairs: frontal, sohenoid, maxillary, ethmoid

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1
Q

Olfactory receptors

A

Nerve endings in upper nasal cavity, located w/in mucous membranes, involved in smelling and tasting

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2
Q

Para-

A

Near

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3
Q

Nas/o

A

Nose

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4
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat, three divisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngophranx

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5
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box, separated and supports by nine dif cartilages, consists of vocal cords: open when breathing in, vibrat when breathing out and creating sound-talking

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6
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Adam’s apple

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7
Q

Or/o

A

Mouth

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16
Q

Cilia

A

Nose hairs, filter air and collects debris

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17
Q

Soft palate

A

Muscular posterior portion of roof I mouth, moves up and back during swallowing to close off nasopharynx, prevents liquid moving up the nose

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18
Q

Epiglottis

A

Lidlike structure at base of tongue, closes off laryngopharynx to stop food going into trachea, acts at same time a soft plate

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19
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe, held open by ring like structures: angular ligaments?, soft tissue in between, makes flexibility possible

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20
Q

Mediastinum

A

Cavity between lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes, etc

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21
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

Stimulates diaphragm and causes contraction

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22
Q

Phren

A

Diaphragm or mind

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23
Q

Cost

A

Ribs

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24
Q

Pulmon

A

Lung

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25
Q

Copd

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, group of irreversible conditions, mainly caused by smoking, leading cause of death in US

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26
Q

Emphysema

A

Type of COPD, caused by smoking
1) decrease in total # of alveoli
2) increase in size of remaining alveoli
3) destruction of walls of remaining alveoli
Breathing becomes rapid, shallow, difficult, chest expands to compensate

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27
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic allergic disorder, difficulty breathing, coughing, wheezing, hard to breath because:

1) swelling and inflam of airway linings
2) thick mucus produced
3) muscles surrounding airways tighten

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28
Q

Nasopharyngitis

A

Common cold sign, upper respiratory infection, caused by over 200 viruses

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29
Q

Allergic rhinitis

A

Allergy, reaction to airborne allergens that increase mucus flow

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30
Q

Croup

A

Acute resp. symptom, characterized by obstruction of larynx, hoarseness, barking cough, occurs in children and infants

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31
Q

Diphtheria

A

Acute Bacterial infection of of through throat U.R.T., bacteria produce toxins that damage heart muscle and peripheral nerves

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32
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed, usually caused by injury, excessive use on blood thinners, bleeding disorders

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33
Q

Influenza

A

Flu, acute viral infection, highly contagious,

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34
Q

Pertussis

A

Aka Whooping cough, contagious bacterial infection of upper resp tract, recurrent bouts of paroxysmal cough, with breathlessness and noisy inspiration, can be preventer by immunization

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35
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Runny nose, flow of water mucus from nose

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36
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Aka sore throat, inflam of pharynx

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37
Q

Laryngoplegia

A

Paralysis of larynx

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38
Q

Laryngospasm

A

Sudden spasmodic closure of larynx,

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39
Q

Aphonia

A

Inability for larynx to produce regular sounds

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40
Q

Phon

A

Voice or sound

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41
Q

Dysphonia

A

Change in voice, caused by hoarseness, weakness, or puberty

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42
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflam of larynx, also used to describe voice loss due to inflammation

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43
Q

Tracheorrhagia

A

Bleeding for mucous membranes in trachea

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44
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Chronic mad irreversible enlargement of bronchi or bronchioles, typically caused by lung infection

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45
Q

-ectasis

A

Enlargement

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46
Q

Bronchi

A

Bronchi

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47
Q

Broncheorrhea

A

Excessive flow of mucus from bronchi

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48
Q

Pleurisy

A

Aka pleuritis, caused sharp chest pain with each breath, due to influenza or damage to lung beneath pleura

49
Q

Pleurodynia

A

Pain in pleural area I relation to breathing movements

50
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Accumulation of air in pleural space, pressure imbalance which can cause lung collapse, can be caused by internal or external rupture

51
Q

Pneum/o

A

Lung or air

52
Q

-thorax

A

Chest

53
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Accumulation of fluid in pleural space, produces breathlessness as a result of lung not being able to expand fully,
Effusion= escape of fluid into cavity or tissue

54
Q

Empyema

A

Aka pyothorax, build up of pus or infected fluid in pleural cavity, usually caused by primary infection of lungs empyema also used to describe same conditions in other areas of body

55
Q

Hemothorax

A

Colletion of blood in pleural cavity, usually caused by external trauma or disease, surgery

56
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing of blood or bloodstained sputum from bronchi as a result of bronchial hemorrhage

57
Q

-ptysis

A

Spitting

58
Q

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

A

Dry, nonproductive cough, fever, leads to breathing difficulty

59
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

Not a specific disease but sudden onset of severe lung dysfunction in both lungs, difficult breathing, caused by trauma, sepsis, shock, etc

60
Q

Atelectasis

A

Failure of lung to expand completely because passages are blocked, also used to describe condition where fetus lung has not fully expanded at birth, can cause partially or totally collapsed lung

61
Q

Atel

A

Incomplete

62
Q

-ectasis

A

Stretching

63
Q

Tuberculosis, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

A

Infectiupous disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, can infect other parts if body not just lungs, usually occurs when body is weakened by another condition

64
Q

Pneumonia

A

Smallest bronchioles and alveoli filled with pus and other liquid, bacterial, viral, aspiration, mycoplasma, and pneumocystis carinii are some but not only types of pneumonia

65
Q

Bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia/double pneumonia

A

Bp: affects patches of bronchioles in both lungs, most dangerous to very ill, weak, old or young, lp: affects one or more lobes, dp: lobar pneumonia involving both lungs and bacterial pneumonia

66
Q

Bronch/o

A

Bronchial tubes

67
Q

Aspiration pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, pneumocystis carinii

A

Caused by foreign object inhaled into the lungs, mp: milder longer lasting caused by bacteria, aka atypical or walking pneumonia, PC: caused by fungus, opportunistic infection, usually affects ppl with HIV

68
Q

Interstitial lung disease, interstitial fibrosis

A

200+ diseases, cause inflam and scarring of alveoli and supporting structures (interstitium),reduces oxygen being absorbed, thickening of normal tissue and replacement of it with fibrotic(hardened) tissue= interstitial fibrosis

69
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Condition caused by dust in lungs, develops over years of environmental or occupational contact, caused fibrosis of lung tissue

70
Q

Coni

A

Dust

71
Q

Anthracosis, coal workers pneumoconiosis, black lung disease

A

Caused by coal dust in lungs

72
Q

anthrac

A

Coal dust

73
Q

Asbestosis, asbest

A

Caused by asbestos particles in lungs, asbest= asbestos

74
Q

Byssinosis, brown lung disease

A

Caused by inhaling cotton dust in lungs, byssin= cotton dust

75
Q

Silicosis, silic

A

Progressive lung disease, inhaled silica dust in lungs, silic= glass

76
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Genetic disorder, lungs and pancreas clogged with abnormally thick mucus, antibiotics used to control lung infections, digestive enzymes given to improve system functions

77
Q

Eupnea

A

Easy and normal breathing

78
Q

-pnea, -ventilation

A

Breathing

79
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Tachypnea causes change in blood gas levels due to decrease in carbon dioxide at cellular level

80
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of spontaneous respiration

81
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Different, possibly fatal syndromes, cause decrease in blood oxygen levels, snoring (vibration of soft palate during sleep) could be symptom of sleep apnea

82
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

Alternating periods of hypopnea, apnea, and hyperpnea

83
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath, can be due to lung failure, heart failure, physical exertion

84
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

Aka respiratory failure, oxygen dangerously low, co2 dangerously high

85
Q

Anoxia, altitude anoxia

A

Absence of oxygen from blood, tissue, body’s gasses, if continues for more than 4-6 min can cause irreversible brain damage, altitude anoxia= altitude sickness! usually happens above 8000 ft

86
Q

Ox

A

Oxygen

87
Q

Hypoxemia, hypoxia

A

Less severe than anoxia, decreased levels of oxygen in blood; less severe than anoxia, decreased levels of oxygen in body tissues and cells
( -emia vs -ia

88
Q

Hypercapnia, capn

A

Abnormal buildup of co2 in blood, capn= carbon dioxide

89
Q

Asphyxia, asphyxiation

A

Body can’t get air necessary to function, o2 levels drop, co2 levels rise, death/ serious brain damage can occur if patient’s breathing is not restored within a few minutes. Asphyxiation= suffocation

90
Q

Sudden infant death syndrome

A

Aka crib death, SIDS, sudden and idiopathic, occurs between 2 weeks and one yr., happens frequently when infants sleep on stomach and occurs in sleep of apparently healthy infants

91
Q

Spirometer

A

Device measuring airflow, length of time of each breath, air volume

92
Q

Spir/o

A

To breathe

93
Q

Peak flow meter

A

Measures how quickly asthma patients can expel air

94
Q

Phlegm, sputum

A

Thick mucus secreted by tissues lining respiratory passages, called sputum when ejected through mouth, may be examined for diagnostic purposes

95
Q

Polysomnography

A

Aka sleep apnea study, measures psychological activity during sleep, designed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing

96
Q

Somn/o

A

Sleep

97
Q

Tuberculin skin testing

A

Screening for tuberculosis, skin on arm injected with harmless antigen from TB bacteria

98
Q

Mantoux PPD skin test

A

More accurate testing for TB, amount of PPD tuberculosis (purified protein derivative) injected under skin, site checked 48-72 hrs later

99
Q

Bronchodilator, metered dose inhaler, nebulizer

A

MDI used to administer agent that opens bronchi/bronchioles, nebulizer dispenses larger amounts of med through mist via mask or mouthpiece,

100
Q

Antitussive, tuss

A

Prevents/ relieves coughing, tuss= cough

101
Q

Sept/o, trache

A

Septum, trachea

102
Q

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery

A

Chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging opening between nose and sinus

103
Q

Stoma

A

Opening on body surface, can occur naturally (pore in skin), or surgically (tracheostomy)

104
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Puncture of chest wall with needle to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to drain fluid from severe pleural effusion

105
Q

Thora/c

A

Chest

106
Q

Empyema

A

Pus in pleural space, thoracostomy performed to drain

107
Q

Nasal cannula, postural drainage

A

Tube dividing into two nasal prongs in each nostril, used to administer oxygen, postural drainage= patient’s head or chest tilted downward to allow gravity to drain secretions from lungs used for cf patients and postsurgically

Chapter 7 (1 decks)

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