Med Terms Flashcards
Paranasal sinuses
Cavities within skull, connected to nasal cavity by short ducts
1) makes skull lighter, retaining shape
2) gives resonance to voice, create sounds
3) produce mucus to lubricate nasal tissues
4 pairs: frontal, sohenoid, maxillary, ethmoid
Olfactory receptors
Nerve endings in upper nasal cavity, located w/in mucous membranes, involved in smelling and tasting
Para-
Near
Nas/o
Nose
Pharynx
Throat, three divisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngophranx
Larynx
Voice box, separated and supports by nine dif cartilages, consists of vocal cords: open when breathing in, vibrat when breathing out and creating sound-talking
Thyroid cartilage
Adam’s apple
Or/o
Mouth
Cilia
Nose hairs, filter air and collects debris
Soft palate
Muscular posterior portion of roof I mouth, moves up and back during swallowing to close off nasopharynx, prevents liquid moving up the nose
Epiglottis
Lidlike structure at base of tongue, closes off laryngopharynx to stop food going into trachea, acts at same time a soft plate
Trachea
Windpipe, held open by ring like structures: angular ligaments?, soft tissue in between, makes flexibility possible
Mediastinum
Cavity between lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes, etc
Phrenic nerve
Stimulates diaphragm and causes contraction
Phren
Diaphragm or mind
Cost
Ribs
Pulmon
Lung
Copd
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, group of irreversible conditions, mainly caused by smoking, leading cause of death in US
Emphysema
Type of COPD, caused by smoking
1) decrease in total # of alveoli
2) increase in size of remaining alveoli
3) destruction of walls of remaining alveoli
Breathing becomes rapid, shallow, difficult, chest expands to compensate
Asthma
Chronic allergic disorder, difficulty breathing, coughing, wheezing, hard to breath because:
1) swelling and inflam of airway linings
2) thick mucus produced
3) muscles surrounding airways tighten
Nasopharyngitis
Common cold sign, upper respiratory infection, caused by over 200 viruses
Allergic rhinitis
Allergy, reaction to airborne allergens that increase mucus flow
Croup
Acute resp. symptom, characterized by obstruction of larynx, hoarseness, barking cough, occurs in children and infants
Diphtheria
Acute Bacterial infection of of through throat U.R.T., bacteria produce toxins that damage heart muscle and peripheral nerves
Epistaxis
Nosebleed, usually caused by injury, excessive use on blood thinners, bleeding disorders
Influenza
Flu, acute viral infection, highly contagious,
Pertussis
Aka Whooping cough, contagious bacterial infection of upper resp tract, recurrent bouts of paroxysmal cough, with breathlessness and noisy inspiration, can be preventer by immunization
Rhinorrhea
Runny nose, flow of water mucus from nose
Pharyngitis
Aka sore throat, inflam of pharynx
Laryngoplegia
Paralysis of larynx
Laryngospasm
Sudden spasmodic closure of larynx,
Aphonia
Inability for larynx to produce regular sounds
Phon
Voice or sound
Dysphonia
Change in voice, caused by hoarseness, weakness, or puberty
Laryngitis
Inflam of larynx, also used to describe voice loss due to inflammation
Tracheorrhagia
Bleeding for mucous membranes in trachea
Bronchiectasis
Chronic mad irreversible enlargement of bronchi or bronchioles, typically caused by lung infection
-ectasis
Enlargement
Bronchi
Bronchi
Broncheorrhea
Excessive flow of mucus from bronchi
Pleurisy
Aka pleuritis, caused sharp chest pain with each breath, due to influenza or damage to lung beneath pleura
Pleurodynia
Pain in pleural area I relation to breathing movements
Pneumothorax
Accumulation of air in pleural space, pressure imbalance which can cause lung collapse, can be caused by internal or external rupture
Pneum/o
Lung or air
-thorax
Chest
Pleural effusion
Accumulation of fluid in pleural space, produces breathlessness as a result of lung not being able to expand fully,
Effusion= escape of fluid into cavity or tissue
Empyema
Aka pyothorax, build up of pus or infected fluid in pleural cavity, usually caused by primary infection of lungs empyema also used to describe same conditions in other areas of body
Hemothorax
Colletion of blood in pleural cavity, usually caused by external trauma or disease, surgery
Hemoptysis
Coughing of blood or bloodstained sputum from bronchi as a result of bronchial hemorrhage
-ptysis
Spitting
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Dry, nonproductive cough, fever, leads to breathing difficulty
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Not a specific disease but sudden onset of severe lung dysfunction in both lungs, difficult breathing, caused by trauma, sepsis, shock, etc
Atelectasis
Failure of lung to expand completely because passages are blocked, also used to describe condition where fetus lung has not fully expanded at birth, can cause partially or totally collapsed lung
Atel
Incomplete
-ectasis
Stretching
Tuberculosis, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Infectiupous disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, can infect other parts if body not just lungs, usually occurs when body is weakened by another condition
Pneumonia
Smallest bronchioles and alveoli filled with pus and other liquid, bacterial, viral, aspiration, mycoplasma, and pneumocystis carinii are some but not only types of pneumonia
Bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia/double pneumonia
Bp: affects patches of bronchioles in both lungs, most dangerous to very ill, weak, old or young, lp: affects one or more lobes, dp: lobar pneumonia involving both lungs and bacterial pneumonia
Bronch/o
Bronchial tubes
Aspiration pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, pneumocystis carinii
Caused by foreign object inhaled into the lungs, mp: milder longer lasting caused by bacteria, aka atypical or walking pneumonia, PC: caused by fungus, opportunistic infection, usually affects ppl with HIV
Interstitial lung disease, interstitial fibrosis
200+ diseases, cause inflam and scarring of alveoli and supporting structures (interstitium),reduces oxygen being absorbed, thickening of normal tissue and replacement of it with fibrotic(hardened) tissue= interstitial fibrosis
Pneumoconiosis
Condition caused by dust in lungs, develops over years of environmental or occupational contact, caused fibrosis of lung tissue
Coni
Dust
Anthracosis, coal workers pneumoconiosis, black lung disease
Caused by coal dust in lungs
anthrac
Coal dust
Asbestosis, asbest
Caused by asbestos particles in lungs, asbest= asbestos
Byssinosis, brown lung disease
Caused by inhaling cotton dust in lungs, byssin= cotton dust
Silicosis, silic
Progressive lung disease, inhaled silica dust in lungs, silic= glass
Cystic fibrosis
Genetic disorder, lungs and pancreas clogged with abnormally thick mucus, antibiotics used to control lung infections, digestive enzymes given to improve system functions
Eupnea
Easy and normal breathing
-pnea, -ventilation
Breathing
Hyperventilation
Tachypnea causes change in blood gas levels due to decrease in carbon dioxide at cellular level
Apnea
Absence of spontaneous respiration
Sleep apnea
Different, possibly fatal syndromes, cause decrease in blood oxygen levels, snoring (vibration of soft palate during sleep) could be symptom of sleep apnea
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Alternating periods of hypopnea, apnea, and hyperpnea
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath, can be due to lung failure, heart failure, physical exertion
Respiratory acidosis
Aka respiratory failure, oxygen dangerously low, co2 dangerously high
Anoxia, altitude anoxia
Absence of oxygen from blood, tissue, body’s gasses, if continues for more than 4-6 min can cause irreversible brain damage, altitude anoxia= altitude sickness! usually happens above 8000 ft
Ox
Oxygen
Hypoxemia, hypoxia
Less severe than anoxia, decreased levels of oxygen in blood; less severe than anoxia, decreased levels of oxygen in body tissues and cells
( -emia vs -ia
Hypercapnia, capn
Abnormal buildup of co2 in blood, capn= carbon dioxide
Asphyxia, asphyxiation
Body can’t get air necessary to function, o2 levels drop, co2 levels rise, death/ serious brain damage can occur if patient’s breathing is not restored within a few minutes. Asphyxiation= suffocation
Sudden infant death syndrome
Aka crib death, SIDS, sudden and idiopathic, occurs between 2 weeks and one yr., happens frequently when infants sleep on stomach and occurs in sleep of apparently healthy infants
Spirometer
Device measuring airflow, length of time of each breath, air volume
Spir/o
To breathe
Peak flow meter
Measures how quickly asthma patients can expel air
Phlegm, sputum
Thick mucus secreted by tissues lining respiratory passages, called sputum when ejected through mouth, may be examined for diagnostic purposes
Polysomnography
Aka sleep apnea study, measures psychological activity during sleep, designed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing
Somn/o
Sleep
Tuberculin skin testing
Screening for tuberculosis, skin on arm injected with harmless antigen from TB bacteria
Mantoux PPD skin test
More accurate testing for TB, amount of PPD tuberculosis (purified protein derivative) injected under skin, site checked 48-72 hrs later
Bronchodilator, metered dose inhaler, nebulizer
MDI used to administer agent that opens bronchi/bronchioles, nebulizer dispenses larger amounts of med through mist via mask or mouthpiece,
Antitussive, tuss
Prevents/ relieves coughing, tuss= cough
Sept/o, trache
Septum, trachea
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging opening between nose and sinus
Stoma
Opening on body surface, can occur naturally (pore in skin), or surgically (tracheostomy)
Thoracentesis
Puncture of chest wall with needle to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to drain fluid from severe pleural effusion
Thora/c
Chest
Empyema
Pus in pleural space, thoracostomy performed to drain
Nasal cannula, postural drainage
Tube dividing into two nasal prongs in each nostril, used to administer oxygen, postural drainage= patient’s head or chest tilted downward to allow gravity to drain secretions from lungs used for cf patients and postsurgically
