Med Term Ch.11 Flashcards
1
Q
mouth
A
opening through which food passes into the body, breaks food into small particles by mastication (chewing) and mixing with saliva
2
Q
tongue
A
consists mostly of skeletal muscle, attached in the posterior region of the mouth, it provides movement of food for chewing, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing, and is a major organ for taste and speech
3
Q
palate
A
separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
4
Q
soft palate
A
posterior portion, not supported by bone
5
Q
hard palate
A
anterior portion supported by bone
6
Q
uvula
A
soft-v shaped structure that extends from the soft palate, directs food to the throat
7
Q
pharynx, throat
A
preforms the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth the esophagus
8
Q
esophagus
A
10 inch tube that is a passageway for the food extending from the pharynx to the stomach
9
Q
peristalsis
A
involuntary wavelike movement that propel food along the digestive tract.
10
Q
stomach
A
j-shaped sac that mixes and stores food. it secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication control
11
Q
cardia
A
area around the opening of the esophagus
12
Q
fundus
A
uppermost domed portion of the stomach
13
Q
body
A
central portion of the stomach
14
Q
antrum
A
lower portion of the stomach
15
Q
pylorus
A
portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine
16
Q
pyloric sphincter
A
ring of muscle that guards that opening between the stomach and the duodenum
17
Q
small intestine
A
20-foot canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine. digestion is completed in the small intestine
18
Q
duodenum
A
first 10-12 inches of the small intestine
19
Q
jejunum
A
second portion of the small intestine aprox. 8 feet.
20
Q
ileum
A
third portion of the small intestine, 11 feet long, connects to the large intestine
21
Q
large intestine
A
canal that is 5 feet long and extends frol the ileum to the anus, adsorption of water and elimination of solid products takes plave here.
22
Q
cecum
A
blind u-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the Lg intestine
23
Q
colon
A
next portion of the lg intestine. it is divided into 4 parts: ascending colon. transverse colon. descending colon and sigmoid colon.
24
Q
rectum
A
remaining portion of the lg intestine. 8-10 inches long, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus
25
anus
sphincter muscle at the end of the digestive tract
26
salivary glands
produce saliva, which flows into the mouth
27
liver
produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats. the liver preforms many other functions concerned with digestion
28
bile ducts
passageways that carry bile, hepatic duct-is a passageway from the liver, and the Cystic duct-carries bile from the gallbladder. they join and form the common bile duct, which conveys bile to the duodenum (all together they are called the biliary tract)
29
gallbladder
small, saclike structure that stores bile
30
pancreas
produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food, and secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism
31
peritoneum
serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
32
appendix
small pouch which has no known function in the digestion, attached to the cecum
33
abdomen
portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis
34
an/o
anus
35
antr/o
antrum
36
cec/o
cecum
37
col/o, colon/o
colon (usually denoting lg intestine)
38
duoden/o
duodenum
39
enter/o
intestine (usually little)
40
esophag/o
esophagus
41
gastr/o
stomach
42
ile/o
ileum
43
jejun/o
jejunum
44
or/o, stomat/o
mouth
45
proct/o rect/o
rectum
46
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
47
abdomin/o celi/o lapar/o
abdomen, abdominal cavity
48
append/o, appendic/o
appendix
49
cheil/o
lip
50
cholangi/o
bile duct
51
chol/e
gall, bile
52
choledoch/o
common bile duct
53
diverticil/o
diverticulum, or blind pouch, extending from a hollow organ
54
gingiv/o
gum
55
gloss/o lingu/o
tongue
56
hepat/o
liver
57
herni/o
hernia, or protrusion of an organ through the membrane cavity wall
58
palat/o
palate
59
pancreat/o
pancreas
60
peritone/o
peritoneum
61
polyp/o
polyp, small growth
62
pylor/o
pylorus, pyloric sphincter
63
sial/o
saliva, salivary gland
64
steat/o
fat
65
uvul/o
uvula
66
hemi-
half
67
-pepsia
digestion
68
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
69
cholangioma
tumor of the bile duct
70
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
71
choledocholithiasis
condition of stones in the common bile duct
72
cholelithiasis
condition of gallstones
73
diverticulosis
abnormal condition of having diverticula
74
diverticulitis
inflammation of the diverticulum
75
esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
76
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
77
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and the intestines
78
gastroenteroclitis
inflammation of the stomach, intestines and the colon
79
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
80
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
81
hepatoma
tumor of the liver
82
palatitis
inflammation of the palate
83
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
84
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
85
polyposis
abnormal condition of multiple polyps
86
proctoptosis
prolapse of the rectum
87
sialolith
stone in the salivary gland
88
steatohepatitis
inflammation of the liver ass. with fat-often caused by alcohol abuse and obesity.
89
uvulitis
imflammation of the uvula
90
adhesion
abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are separated
91
anorexia nervosa
eating disorder of prolonged periods without eating, resulting in emaciation amenorrhea in females, and abnormal fear of becoming obese.
92
bulimia nervosa
eating disorder involving gorging on food followed by inducing vomiting or laxative abuse.
93
celiac disease
a malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten
94
cirrhosis
chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue commonly caused by alcoholism and certain types of viral hepatitis
95
Crohn disease
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and colon
96
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
the abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus, causing heartburn and the gradual breakdown of the mucus barrier of the esophagus
97
hemochromatosis
an iron metabolism disorder that occurs when too much iron id absorbed from food, can cause heart failure, diabetes, cirrhosis, or cancer of the liver
98
hemorrhoids
swollen or distended veins in the rectal ares which may be internal or external, can be a source of rectal bleeding
99
ileus
obstruction of the intestine often caused by failure of peristalsis
100
intussusception
telescoping of a segment of the intestine
101
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation
102
obesity
excess of body fat (not by body weight)
103
peptic ulcer
eroded area of the mucous membrane
104
polyp
tumorlike growth extending from a mucous membrane, usually benign
105
ulcerative colitis
inflammation of the colon with formation of ulcers. the main symptom is diarrhea. an ileostomy may be preformed to treat this condition
106
volvulus
twisting or kinking of the intestines causing intestinal obstruction
107
abdominocentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity
108
abdominaloplasty
surgical repair of the abdomen
109
anoplasty
surgical repair of the anus
110
antrectomy
excision of the antrum
111
appendectomy
excision of the appendix
112
celiotomy
incision of the abdominal cavity
113
cheilorrhaphy
suture of the lip
114
choledocholithotomy
incision of the common bile duct to remove the stone
115
cholecystectomy
excision of the gallbladder
116
colectomy
excision of the colon
117
colostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the colon passage of stool.
118
diverticulectomy
excision of the diverticulum
119
enterorrhaphy
suture of the intestine
120
esophagogastroplasty
surgical repair of the esophagus of the stomach
121
gastrectomy
excision of the stomach
122
gastrojejunostomy
creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum
123
gastroplasty
surgical repair of the stomach
124
gastrostomy
creation of an artificial opening of the stomach
125
gingivectomy
removal of the gums
126
glossorrhaphy
suture of the tongue
127
hemicolectomy
excision of half the colon
128
herniorrhaphy
suturing of a hernia
129
ileostomy
artificial opening into the ileum
130
laparotomy
incision of the abdominal cavity
131
palatoplasty
surgical repair of the palate
132
polypectomy
excision of a polyp
133
pyloromyotomy
incision into the pyloric muscle
134
pyloroplasty
surgical repair of the pylorus
135
uvulectomy
excision of the uvula
136
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP)
Surgical repair of the uvula, palate, and pharynx
137
abdominoperineal resection (A &P resection)
removal of the distal colon and rectum through both abdominal and perineal approaches
138
anastomosis
an opening created by surgically joining two structures
139
bariatric surgery
surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat obesity
140
hemorrhoidectomy
excision of hemorrhoids, the swollen or distended veins in the rectal region
141
vagotomy
cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve, preformed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount of gastric acid produced and thus reduce the recurrence of ulcers
142
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
creation of a small gastric pouch with drainage of food to the rest of the gastrointestinal tract through a restricted stoma , the duodenum and part of the jejunum are bypassed
143
Vertical Banded Gastroplasty (VBG)
creation of a small gastric pouch with a vertical line of staples and the connection of a band for drainage of food into the small intestine-stomach stapling
144
Laproscopic Adjustible Gastric Banding (LAGB)
creation of a small pouch by the placement of a band around the upper portion of the stomach; the band can be adjusted to change the size of the stomach the size of the stomach through a subcutaneous port.
145
cholangiogram
radiographic image of bile ducts
146
cholangiography
radiographic imaging of the bile ducts
147
CT colonography
radiographic imaging of the colon (using ct scanner and software)
148
esophagogram
radiographic imaging of the esophagus
149
colonoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the colon
150
colonoscopy
VE of the colon
151
endoscope
instrument used for VE of a hollow organ
152
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
VE of the esophagus and the duodenum and stomach
153
esophagoscopy
VE of the esophagus
154
gastroscope
instrument used for visual examination of the stomach
155
gastroscopy
VE of the stomach
156
laparscope
instrument used for VE of the abdominal cavity
157
laparoscope
VE of the abdominal cavity
158
proctoscope
instrument used for VE of the rectum
159
proctoscopy
VE of the rectum
160
sigmoidoscopy
VE of the sigmoid colon
