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Med Term Ch.11 > Med Term Ch.11 > Flashcards

Med Term Ch.11 Flashcards

1
Q

mouth

A

opening through which food passes into the body, breaks food into small particles by mastication (chewing) and mixing with saliva

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2
Q

tongue

A

consists mostly of skeletal muscle, attached in the posterior region of the mouth, it provides movement of food for chewing, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing, and is a major organ for taste and speech

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3
Q

palate

A

separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

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4
Q

soft palate

A

posterior portion, not supported by bone

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5
Q

hard palate

A

anterior portion supported by bone

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6
Q

uvula

A

soft-v shaped structure that extends from the soft palate, directs food to the throat

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7
Q

pharynx, throat

A

preforms the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth the esophagus

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8
Q

esophagus

A

10 inch tube that is a passageway for the food extending from the pharynx to the stomach

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9
Q

peristalsis

A

involuntary wavelike movement that propel food along the digestive tract.

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10
Q

stomach

A

j-shaped sac that mixes and stores food. it secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication control

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11
Q

cardia

A

area around the opening of the esophagus

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12
Q

fundus

A

uppermost domed portion of the stomach

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13
Q

body

A

central portion of the stomach

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14
Q

antrum

A

lower portion of the stomach

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15
Q

pylorus

A

portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine

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16
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

ring of muscle that guards that opening between the stomach and the duodenum

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17
Q

small intestine

A

20-foot canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine. digestion is completed in the small intestine

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18
Q

duodenum

A

first 10-12 inches of the small intestine

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19
Q

jejunum

A

second portion of the small intestine aprox. 8 feet.

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20
Q

ileum

A

third portion of the small intestine, 11 feet long, connects to the large intestine

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21
Q

large intestine

A

canal that is 5 feet long and extends frol the ileum to the anus, adsorption of water and elimination of solid products takes plave here.

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22
Q

cecum

A

blind u-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the Lg intestine

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23
Q

colon

A

next portion of the lg intestine. it is divided into 4 parts: ascending colon. transverse colon. descending colon and sigmoid colon.

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24
Q

rectum

A

remaining portion of the lg intestine. 8-10 inches long, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus

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25
Q

anus

A

sphincter muscle at the end of the digestive tract

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26
Q

salivary glands

A

produce saliva, which flows into the mouth

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27
Q

liver

A

produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats. the liver preforms many other functions concerned with digestion

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28
Q

bile ducts

A

passageways that carry bile, hepatic duct-is a passageway from the liver, and the Cystic duct-carries bile from the gallbladder. they join and form the common bile duct, which conveys bile to the duodenum (all together they are called the biliary tract)

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29
Q

gallbladder

A

small, saclike structure that stores bile

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30
Q

pancreas

A

produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food, and secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism

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31
Q

peritoneum

A

serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

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32
Q

appendix

A

small pouch which has no known function in the digestion, attached to the cecum

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33
Q

abdomen

A

portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis

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34
Q

an/o

A

anus

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35
Q

antr/o

A

antrum

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36
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

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37
Q

col/o, colon/o

A

colon (usually denoting lg intestine)

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38
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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39
Q

enter/o

A

intestine (usually little)

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40
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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41
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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42
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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43
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

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44
Q

or/o, stomat/o

A

mouth

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45
Q

proct/o rect/o

A

rectum

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46
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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47
Q

abdomin/o celi/o lapar/o

A

abdomen, abdominal cavity

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48
Q

append/o, appendic/o

A

appendix

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49
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

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50
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile duct

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51
Q

chol/e

A

gall, bile

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52
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

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53
Q

diverticil/o

A

diverticulum, or blind pouch, extending from a hollow organ

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54
Q

gingiv/o

A

gum

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55
Q

gloss/o lingu/o

A

tongue

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56
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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57
Q

herni/o

A

hernia, or protrusion of an organ through the membrane cavity wall

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58
Q

palat/o

A

palate

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59
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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60
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

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61
Q

polyp/o

A

polyp, small growth

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62
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus, pyloric sphincter

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63
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary gland

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64
Q

steat/o

A

fat

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65
Q

uvul/o

A

uvula

66
Q

hemi-

A

half

67
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

68
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

69
Q

cholangioma

A

tumor of the bile duct

70
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

71
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

condition of stones in the common bile duct

72
Q

cholelithiasis

A

condition of gallstones

73
Q

diverticulosis

A

abnormal condition of having diverticula

74
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of the diverticulum

75
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus

76
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

77
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and the intestines

78
Q

gastroenteroclitis

A

inflammation of the stomach, intestines and the colon

79
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

80
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

81
Q

hepatoma

A

tumor of the liver

82
Q

palatitis

A

inflammation of the palate

83
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

84
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

85
Q

polyposis

A

abnormal condition of multiple polyps

86
Q

proctoptosis

A

prolapse of the rectum

87
Q

sialolith

A

stone in the salivary gland

88
Q

steatohepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver ass. with fat-often caused by alcohol abuse and obesity.

89
Q

uvulitis

A

imflammation of the uvula

90
Q

adhesion

A

abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are separated

91
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

eating disorder of prolonged periods without eating, resulting in emaciation amenorrhea in females, and abnormal fear of becoming obese.

92
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

eating disorder involving gorging on food followed by inducing vomiting or laxative abuse.

93
Q

celiac disease

A

a malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten

94
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue commonly caused by alcoholism and certain types of viral hepatitis

95
Q

Crohn disease

A

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and colon

96
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

the abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus, causing heartburn and the gradual breakdown of the mucus barrier of the esophagus

97
Q

hemochromatosis

A

an iron metabolism disorder that occurs when too much iron id absorbed from food, can cause heart failure, diabetes, cirrhosis, or cancer of the liver

98
Q

hemorrhoids

A

swollen or distended veins in the rectal ares which may be internal or external, can be a source of rectal bleeding

99
Q

ileus

A

obstruction of the intestine often caused by failure of peristalsis

100
Q

intussusception

A

telescoping of a segment of the intestine

101
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation

102
Q

obesity

A

excess of body fat (not by body weight)

103
Q

peptic ulcer

A

eroded area of the mucous membrane

104
Q

polyp

A

tumorlike growth extending from a mucous membrane, usually benign

105
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

inflammation of the colon with formation of ulcers. the main symptom is diarrhea. an ileostomy may be preformed to treat this condition

106
Q

volvulus

A

twisting or kinking of the intestines causing intestinal obstruction

107
Q

abdominocentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity

108
Q

abdominaloplasty

A

surgical repair of the abdomen

109
Q

anoplasty

A

surgical repair of the anus

110
Q

antrectomy

A

excision of the antrum

111
Q

appendectomy

A

excision of the appendix

112
Q

celiotomy

A

incision of the abdominal cavity

113
Q

cheilorrhaphy

A

suture of the lip

114
Q

choledocholithotomy

A

incision of the common bile duct to remove the stone

115
Q

cholecystectomy

A

excision of the gallbladder

116
Q

colectomy

A

excision of the colon

117
Q

colostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the colon passage of stool.

118
Q

diverticulectomy

A

excision of the diverticulum

119
Q

enterorrhaphy

A

suture of the intestine

120
Q

esophagogastroplasty

A

surgical repair of the esophagus of the stomach

121
Q

gastrectomy

A

excision of the stomach

122
Q

gastrojejunostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum

123
Q

gastroplasty

A

surgical repair of the stomach

124
Q

gastrostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening of the stomach

125
Q

gingivectomy

A

removal of the gums

126
Q

glossorrhaphy

A

suture of the tongue

127
Q

hemicolectomy

A

excision of half the colon

128
Q

herniorrhaphy

A

suturing of a hernia

129
Q

ileostomy

A

artificial opening into the ileum

130
Q

laparotomy

A

incision of the abdominal cavity

131
Q

palatoplasty

A

surgical repair of the palate

132
Q

polypectomy

A

excision of a polyp

133
Q

pyloromyotomy

A

incision into the pyloric muscle

134
Q

pyloroplasty

A

surgical repair of the pylorus

135
Q

uvulectomy

A

excision of the uvula

136
Q

uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP)

A

Surgical repair of the uvula, palate, and pharynx

137
Q

abdominoperineal resection (A &P resection)

A

removal of the distal colon and rectum through both abdominal and perineal approaches

138
Q

anastomosis

A

an opening created by surgically joining two structures

139
Q

bariatric surgery

A

surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat obesity

140
Q

hemorrhoidectomy

A

excision of hemorrhoids, the swollen or distended veins in the rectal region

141
Q

vagotomy

A

cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve, preformed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount of gastric acid produced and thus reduce the recurrence of ulcers

142
Q

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

A

creation of a small gastric pouch with drainage of food to the rest of the gastrointestinal tract through a restricted stoma , the duodenum and part of the jejunum are bypassed

143
Q

Vertical Banded Gastroplasty (VBG)

A

creation of a small gastric pouch with a vertical line of staples and the connection of a band for drainage of food into the small intestine-stomach stapling

144
Q

Laproscopic Adjustible Gastric Banding (LAGB)

A

creation of a small pouch by the placement of a band around the upper portion of the stomach; the band can be adjusted to change the size of the stomach the size of the stomach through a subcutaneous port.

145
Q

cholangiogram

A

radiographic image of bile ducts

146
Q

cholangiography

A

radiographic imaging of the bile ducts

147
Q

CT colonography

A

radiographic imaging of the colon (using ct scanner and software)

148
Q

esophagogram

A

radiographic imaging of the esophagus

149
Q

colonoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the colon

150
Q

colonoscopy

A

VE of the colon

151
Q

endoscope

A

instrument used for VE of a hollow organ

152
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

A

VE of the esophagus and the duodenum and stomach

153
Q

esophagoscopy

A

VE of the esophagus

154
Q

gastroscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the stomach

155
Q

gastroscopy

A

VE of the stomach

156
Q

laparscope

A

instrument used for VE of the abdominal cavity

157
Q

laparoscope

A

VE of the abdominal cavity

158
Q

proctoscope

A

instrument used for VE of the rectum

159
Q

proctoscopy

A

VE of the rectum

160
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

VE of the sigmoid colon

Med Term Ch.11 (1 decks)

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