Med-Surg Quiz#2 Flashcards
These types of cells are immature, undifferentiated cells that are capable of maturing into any one of several types of blood cells: RBCs, WBCs or PLT
Stem cells
What are the 3 major types of plasma proteins?
Albumin, Globulins and Fibrinogen
________ increases the osmotic pressure of the blood, which prevents the plasma from leaking into the tissues
Albumin
This type of plasma protein has many functions, such as transporting other substances and protecting the body against infection; main component of antibodies
Globulin
________ is a protein molecule that can be activated to form fibrin; assemble together to form structures important in the blood clotting process
Fibrinogen
This type of blood cell stick to injured blood vessel walls and form plugs that can stop the flow of blood from the injured site; perform most of their functions by aggregation
Platelet
This is a clinical sign that can result from dietary problems, genetic disorders, bone marrow disease, or excessive bleeding; it is a reduction in Hgb and Hct
Anemia
What is the best practice for patients with sickle cell crisis?
Administer oxygen, pain meds, hydrate with NS via IV, remove constrictive clothing, encourage client to keep extremities extended to promote venous return, keep room temp above 72, check circulation in extremities Q1hr
In this blood disorder, the number of RBCs in the blood is greater than normal; the blood of the pt is hyperviscous
Polycythemia
This disease has a sustained increase in HgB to 18g/dL, an RBC of 6million, or a Hct of 55%; has 3 hallmarks
Polycthemia vera
Polycythemia has 3 hallmarks
Massive production of RBCs, excessive leukocytic production, and excessive production of PLT
What are the key features pf PV?
Persistent elevated Hct of >55%, HTN, dark, flushed appearance of the hands and face, distention of superficial veins, weight loss, fatigue, intense itching, enlarged hemorrhoids, swollen painful joints, enlarged, firm spleen, infarctions of the heart, strokes, bleeding tendency
What education can you provide to a patient with PV?
Drink at least 3L of water a day, avoid tight clothing, wear gloves when outdoors in temp lower than 50, contact MD with first sign of INFXN, take anticoagulants, wear support hose, elevate feet whenever seated, exercise slowly, use an electric shaver
What are the treatment options for a person with PV?
Hydration, frequent blood donation, anticoagulants
This PLT disorder is a decrease in the number of PLTs below the level for normal coagulation. It may occur through processes that limit PLT formation or increase the rate of PLT destruction
Thrombocytopenia
What is the antidote for heparin?
Protamine sulfate
What is the chain of infection?
The process by which pathogens are transmitted from the environment to a host, invade the host and cause infection.
What is the most common bacterial infection associated with AIDS and what systems does it affect?
MAC - mycobacterium avium complex; respiratory and GI
What is VZV?
This virus is present in the nerve ganglia of many people, causes chicken pox or shingles
What is PCP?
Pneumocytitis carinii penumonia is the most common opportunistic infection in persons affected with HIV
What fungal infection is common in patients with AIDS?
Candida albicans; it occurs because the weakened immune system can no longer control fungal growth; on examination of the mouth and the back of the throat, it resembles cottage cheese like plaques and inflammation
Cytotoxic drugs and immunodeficiencies
Most cytotoxic drugs interfere with all rapidly dividing cells. WBCs including lymphocytes and phagocytes, rapidly divide and are susceptible to this type of destruction. Cytotoxic drugs interfere with the ability of lymphocytes to produce and release products such as lymphokines and antibodies, causing general suppression
Corticosteroids ad immunodeficiencies
Corticosteroids interfere with IgG production and reduce antibody-antigen binding. CNS changes (euphoria, insomnia, psychosis), CV changes (HTN or edema), GI effects (gastric irritation, ulcers and increased appetite) other (hyperglycemia, muscle weakness, delayed wound healing)
Radiation Induced Immunodeficiency
Exposure can induce profound lymphopenia, causing general immunosuppression esp if exposure to iliac and femur (primary blood cell producing sites)
Name the 4 goals of infusion therapy?
1) achieve normal fluid and electrolyte balance
2) achieve optimal nutrition status
3) maintain homeostasis through blood and blood component administration
4) treat numerous conditions with medication
What does the P wave measure?
It measures and records the spread of depolarization through the atrial myocardium from start to finish
The QRS wave represents septal depolarization. True or False
TRUE
Describe repolarization
Myocardial cells restore electronegativity of their interiors so that they can be restimulatied
Describe depolarization
Depolarization is the fundamental electrical event of the heart; it is initiated by the arrival of an electrical impulse which causes positively charged ions to cross the cell membrane.
What does the QRS measure?
Depolarization of the interventricular septum by the septal fascicle of the left bundle branch
Ventricular repolarization generates what wave on the EKG?
T wave
