Med-Surg Quiz#2

Question 1

These types of cells are immature, undifferentiated cells that are capable of maturing into any one of several types of blood cells: RBCs, WBCs or PLT

Answer 1

Stem cells

Question 2

What are the 3 major types of plasma proteins?

Answer 2

Albumin, Globulins and Fibrinogen

Question 3

________ increases the osmotic pressure of the blood, which prevents the plasma from leaking into the tissues

Answer 3

Albumin

Question 4

This type of plasma protein has many functions, such as transporting other substances and protecting the body against infection; main component of antibodies

Answer 4

Globulin

Question 5

________ is a protein molecule that can be activated to form fibrin; assemble together to form structures important in the blood clotting process

Answer 5

Fibrinogen

Question 6

This type of blood cell stick to injured blood vessel walls and form plugs that can stop the flow of blood from the injured site; perform most of their functions by aggregation

Answer 6

Platelet

Question 7

This is a clinical sign that can result from dietary problems, genetic disorders, bone marrow disease, or excessive bleeding; it is a reduction in Hgb and Hct

Answer 7

Anemia

Question 8

What is the best practice for patients with sickle cell crisis?

Answer 8

Administer oxygen, pain meds, hydrate with NS via IV, remove constrictive clothing, encourage client to keep extremities extended to promote venous return, keep room temp above 72, check circulation in extremities Q1hr

Question 9

In this blood disorder, the number of RBCs in the blood is greater than normal; the blood of the pt is hyperviscous

Answer 9

Polycythemia

Question 10

This disease has a sustained increase in HgB to 18g/dL, an RBC of 6million, or a Hct of 55%; has 3 hallmarks

Answer 10

Polycthemia vera

Question 11

Polycythemia has 3 hallmarks

Answer 11

Massive production of RBCs, excessive leukocytic production, and excessive production of PLT

Question 12

What are the key features pf PV?

Answer 12

Persistent elevated Hct of >55%, HTN, dark, flushed appearance of the hands and face, distention of superficial veins, weight loss, fatigue, intense itching, enlarged hemorrhoids, swollen painful joints, enlarged, firm spleen, infarctions of the heart, strokes, bleeding tendency

Question 13

What education can you provide to a patient with PV?

Answer 13

Drink at least 3L of water a day, avoid tight clothing, wear gloves when outdoors in temp lower than 50, contact MD with first sign of INFXN, take anticoagulants, wear support hose, elevate feet whenever seated, exercise slowly, use an electric shaver

Question 14

What are the treatment options for a person with PV?

Answer 14

Hydration, frequent blood donation, anticoagulants

Question 15

This PLT disorder is a decrease in the number of PLTs below the level for normal coagulation. It may occur through processes that limit PLT formation or increase the rate of PLT destruction

Answer 15

Thrombocytopenia

Question 16

What is the antidote for heparin?

Answer 16

Protamine sulfate

Question 17

What is the chain of infection?

Answer 17

The process by which pathogens are transmitted from the environment to a host, invade the host and cause infection.

Question 18

What is the most common bacterial infection associated with AIDS and what systems does it affect?

Answer 18

MAC - mycobacterium avium complex; respiratory and GI

Question 19

What is VZV?

Answer 19

This virus is present in the nerve ganglia of many people, causes chicken pox or shingles

Question 20

What is PCP?

Answer 20

Pneumocytitis carinii penumonia is the most common opportunistic infection in persons affected with HIV

Question 21

What fungal infection is common in patients with AIDS?

Answer 21

Candida albicans; it occurs because the weakened immune system can no longer control fungal growth; on examination of the mouth and the back of the throat, it resembles cottage cheese like plaques and inflammation

Question 22

Cytotoxic drugs and immunodeficiencies

Answer 22

Most cytotoxic drugs interfere with all rapidly dividing cells. WBCs including lymphocytes and phagocytes, rapidly divide and are susceptible to this type of destruction. Cytotoxic drugs interfere with the ability of lymphocytes to produce and release products such as lymphokines and antibodies, causing general suppression

Question 23

Corticosteroids ad immunodeficiencies

Answer 23

Corticosteroids interfere with IgG production and reduce antibody-antigen binding. CNS changes (euphoria, insomnia, psychosis), CV changes (HTN or edema), GI effects (gastric irritation, ulcers and increased appetite) other (hyperglycemia, muscle weakness, delayed wound healing)

Question 24

Radiation Induced Immunodeficiency

Answer 24

Exposure can induce profound lymphopenia, causing general immunosuppression esp if exposure to iliac and femur (primary blood cell producing sites)

Question 25

Name the 4 goals of infusion therapy?

Answer 25

1) achieve normal fluid and electrolyte balance
2) achieve optimal nutrition status
3) maintain homeostasis through blood and blood component administration
4) treat numerous conditions with medication

Question 26

What does the P wave measure?

Answer 26

It measures and records the spread of depolarization through the atrial myocardium from start to finish

Question 27

The QRS wave represents septal depolarization. True or False

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

Describe repolarization

Answer 28

Myocardial cells restore electronegativity of their interiors so that they can be restimulatied

Question 29

Describe depolarization

Answer 29

Depolarization is the fundamental electrical event of the heart; it is initiated by the arrival of an electrical impulse which causes positively charged ions to cross the cell membrane.

Question 30

What does the QRS measure?

Answer 30

Depolarization of the interventricular septum by the septal fascicle of the left bundle branch

Question 31

Ventricular repolarization generates what wave on the EKG?

Answer 31

T wave