Med Surg Final Review Flashcards

Question

Transfusions

Answer 1

Plasma/albumin/platelets- special, shorter tubing

Answer 2

If the thyroid is the problem, TSH is high because the thyroid is not putting T3 and T4 Graves disease- Hyperthyroidism, poppy eyes Hypothyroidism- goiter, tired, always cold, weight gain Goiter- can happen with either hyper or hypo Thyroid storm- hyperthyroidism, high temp, drug of choice to treat is PTU and tapisol

Answer 3

Addison's disease- hypo function. Give Salt and steroids. can be fatal without steroids (Addison's crisis), Need more steroids with stressed. If they take too much steroids, could end up with cushings Cushings disease- hyper function.

Answer 4

Hypoparathyroidism--> hypocalcemia--> tetany--> notify provider and give Calcium gluconate Hyperparathyroidism- at risk for kidney stones--> push fluids

Answer 5

Diabetes Insipidus- Low specific gravity, peeing a lot so more electrolytes left inside the body- SG will be: 1.001-1.005 SIADH: Will have a high specific gravity. Not peeing enough so electrolytes are diluted in the body.

Answer 6

Impacts cardiovascular and kidney the most. Should lose weight. Should be on a low fat, low sodium diet. Exercise: walking Meds: ACE inhibitors, Lasix- depletes potassium so watch if also on digoxin

Answer 7

Vasodilator used to relieve angina. Give 1 every 5 minutes X3. If no relief, call 911, probably an MI.

Answer 8

Caused by Increased fat in diet and low activity level. If the artery is totally plugged we can give a thrombolytic within the first 6 hours. If it is not totally plugged, we will give heparin and a stent. Should be on a low fat diet to prevent CAD

Answer 9

First sign of right sided HF- edema First sign of left sided HF- dyspnea because fluid is backing up into lungs. PC: pulmonary edema, LISTEN TO THE LUNGS and look for frothy pink sputum (also important to look for this in PEs) Probably on Lasix, look at potassium and report any weight gain.

Answer 10

Ischemia of the heart- sit them down and stop activity. Stable angina- goes away with rest Unstable angina- does not go away even with rest, can be a precursor to an MI Ballooning and Stenting are good for both stable and unstable angina- also good for kidney carotids and PAD

Answer 11

means infarction- pain is unrelieved Treat with MONA- Morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerine, and ***chewable aspirin. Also give beta blockers. EKG can show an MI while it's happening or it could not.

Answer 12

Any condition brought on by a sudden reduction or blockage of blood flow to the heart. Algorithm- Nitro X3, O2, aspirin, beta blocker ST elevation is very significant in diagnosing ACS Need to sit down, rest, and take nitro. If no relief, could be unstable and lead to an MI.

Answer 13

Must be given within the first 6 hours of pain. PC is a Pulmonary embolism (check for pink, frothy sputum), or stroke

Answer 14

Prevents further damage but does not bust clots Check aPTT levels Give at same time as warfarin until warfarin levels are sufficient, then d/c heaprin Antidote: Protamine sulfate Antidote to warfarin- vitamin K

Answer 15

Named by location: Pericarditis Myocarditis Endocarditis At risk: IV drug users Can lead to cardiomyopathies Give antibiotics Diagnose with echo

Answer 16

first sign: blood goes back into the lungs, difficulty breathing

Answer 17

A narrowing of the spinal canal Often found in individuals with artificial valves Need antibiotics

Answer 18

PC: deep and round ulcer Experience pain at rest

Answer 19

PC- superficial and jagged edge ulcer- drainage Pain with activity

Answer 20

Experience intermittent pain usually experienced in the legs Can be arterial blockage, think about CAD

Answer 21

Leg care: don't move the leg until you know the clot is stable. Even then, a physician or specially trained nurse should move patient.