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Mental Health > Med Surg exam 7 > Flashcards

Med Surg exam 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior Chamber

A

Aqueous- containing space in the eye between the posterior (endothelial) cornea and the anterior iris and pupil

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2
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Transparent, nutrient- containing fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye

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3
Q

Astigmatism

A

Refractive error due to an irregularity in the curvature

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4
Q

Agnosia

A

Loss of ability to recognize objects through a particularly sensory system; may be visual, auditory, or tactile

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5
Q

Ataxia

A

Inability to coordinate muscle movements, resulting in difficulty walking, talking, and performing self- care activities

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6
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Regulates the involuntary body functions

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7
Q

Axon

A

Portion of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body

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8
Q

Babinski Reflex (sign)

A

A reflex action of the toes; in adults is indicative of abnormalities in the motor control pathways leading from the cerebral cortex

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9
Q

Clonus

A

Abnormal movement marked by alternating contraction and relaxation of a muscle occurring in rapid succession

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10
Q

Delirium

A

An acute, confused state, that begins with disorientation and if not recognized and treated early it can progress to change level of consciousness, irreversible brain damage and sometimes death

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11
Q

Dendrite

A

Portion of the neuron that conducts impulses toward the cell body

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12
Q

Flaccidity

A

Displaying lac of muscle tone, limp, floppy

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13
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Division of the autonomic nervous system active primarily during non stressful conditions, controlling mostly visceral functions

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14
Q

Position (postural) sense

A

Awareness of position of parts of the body without looking at them aka: proprioception

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15
Q

Reflex

A

An autonomic response to stimuli

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16
Q

Rigidity

A

Increase in muscle tone at rest characterized by increased resistance to passive stretch

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17
Q

Romberg Test

A

Test for cerebellum dysfunction that can be done with the patient seated or standing; inability to maintain position for 20 seconds is a positive test

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18
Q

Spasticity

A

Sustained increase in tension of a muscle when it is passively lengthened or stretched

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19
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Division of the autonomic nervous system with predominantly excitatory responses aka: fight or flight

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20
Q

Vertigo

A

Illusion of movement in which the individual or the surroundings are sensed as moving.

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21
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Major transmitter of the PNS; neurons in many areas of the brain, usually excitatory

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22
Q

Serotonin

A

Brain stem, hypothalamus, dorsal horn of the spinal cord, inhibitory-helps control mode and sleep inhibits brain pathways

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23
Q

Dopamine

A

Neurons on the substancia negra and basal ganglia, usually inhibitory, affects behavior (attention & emotions) and fine movement

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24
Q

Norepinephrine (major transmitter of the sympathetic nervous system)

A

Brain stem, hypothalamus, postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system, usually excitatory; affects mood and overall activity

25
Q

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

A

Nerve terminals of the spinal cord, cerebellum, basal ganglia, some cortical areas, inhibitory

26
Q

Enkephalin, endorphin

A

Nerve terminals in the spine, brain stem, thalamus and hypothalamus, pituitary gland, excitatory; pleasurable sensation, inhibits pain transmission

27
Q

Binocular vision

A

Normal ability of both eyes to focus on one object and fuse the two images into one

28
Q

Blindness

A

Inability to see, define as corrected visual acuity of 20/400 or less, or a visual field of no more than 20 degrees in the better eye

29
Q

Cataract

A

Progressive opacity of the lens of the eye

30
Q

Chemosis

A

Edema of the conjunctiva

31
Q

Diplopia

A

Seeing one object as two aka double vision

32
Q

Ectropion

A

Turning out of the lower eyelid

33
Q

Emmetropia

A

Normal refractive condition resulting in clear focus on retina; no optical defects

34
Q

Endophthalmitis

A

Intraocular infection

35
Q

Entropion

A

Turning in of the lower eyelid

36
Q

Enucleation

A

Removal of the eyeball and part of the optic nerve

37
Q

Evisceration

A

Removal of the intraocular contents through a corneal or scleral incision; the optic nerve, sclera, extraocular muscles, and sometimes the cornea are left intact

38
Q

Exenteration

A

Surgical removal of the entire contents of the orbit, surrounding soft tissue, and most or all of the eyelids

39
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball aka proptosis

40
Q

Glaucoma

A

Group of conditions characterized by increased intraocular pressure

41
Q

Hyperemia

A

Red eyes resulting from dilation of the vasculature of the conjunctiva

42
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsightedness; light rays focus behind the retina

43
Q

Hyphema

A

Blood in the anterior chamber

44
Q

Hypopyon

A

Collection of inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye

45
Q

Injection

A

Congestion of blood vessels

46
Q

Keratoconus

A

Cone-shaped deformity of the cornea

47
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness; light rays focus in front of the retina

48
Q

Neovascularization

A

Growth of abnormal new blood vessels

49
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary oscillation of the eyeball

50
Q

Papilledema

A

Swelling of the optic disc usually due to increased intracranial pressure

51
Q

Photophobia

A

Ocular pain on exposure to light

52
Q

Presbyopia

A

The loss of accommodative power in the lens due to age

53
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping eyelid

54
Q

Refraction

A

Determination of the refractive errors of the eye for the purpose of vision correction

55
Q

Scotomas

A

Blind or partially blind areas in the visual field

56
Q

Sympathetic ophthalmia

A

An inflammatory condition created in the fellow eye by the affected eye

57
Q

Trachoma

A

An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis- the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world

58
Q

Trichiasis

A

Turning of the eyelashes

59
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Transparent, colorless, gelatinous material that fills the vitreous chamber behind the lens

Mental Health (2 decks)

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