Med-Surg Exam

Question 1

Stages of PAD

Answer 1

1- Asymptomatic

2- claudication
3- rest pain
4- necrosis/ gangrene

Question 2

For PAD A _____ exam is needed, and smoking ______. Patient should ____, control ___, d____ and _____. Medication therapy includes ______

Answer 2

Physical 
Cessation
Walk
HTN 
Diet
Exercise
Anti-Platelets

Question 3

A___, H_____, H____ Can cause an aneurysm

Answer 3

Arthlrosclosis
Hyperlipemia
Hypertension

Question 4

____ ulcers cause rest pain, c____ after _____ 1-2 blocks

Answer 4

Arterial
Claudication
Walking

Question 5

Emergency care goals include for an _____ ___________ are:
Elimination of _____
Reduction of _____
Decrease in the ______ of ____ ______ ejection

Answer 5

Aortic dissection
Pain
BP
Velocity of left ventricular ejection

Question 6

Patients at highest risk for developing _____are throw who have undergone ___ replacement, ____, and open ____ surgery

Answer 6

DVTS
Hip
TKA
Prostate

Question 7

Type 2 hyperglycemia

Answer 7

HHS (hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state)

Question 8

Type 1 hyperglycemia

Answer 8

DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis)

Question 9

CM of DKA

Answer 9

Kussmals respirations
Fruity breath
Nausea and abdominal pain
Dehydration

Question 10

CM of HHS

Answer 10

Neurological sx
Dehydration sx

NO KETONES IN BLOOD AND URINE

Question 11

COPD refers to ___ ______ in the lungs. Includes ____ and _____ _____. The damage is permeant and irreversible

Answer 11

Blocked airways
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis

Question 12

Effects of cigarette smoking due to increased protease production

Answer 12

Decreased ciliary activity 
Possible loss of ciliated cells
Cellular hyperplasia  
Production of mucus 
Reduction in airway diameter
Increased difficulty in clearing secretions

Question 13

Nicotine acts as a _____ to the ________ nervous system resulting in:
Increase _____
Peripheral ________
Increase _____
Cardiac _______

Answer 13

Stimulant 
Sympathetic 
HR 
Vasoconstriction 
BP 
Workload

Question 14

Normal PH

Answer 14

pH = 7.35-7.45

Less than 7.35 = acidosis
Greater than 7.45 = alkalosis

Question 15

Normal CO2

Answer 15

35-45 mmHg

Less than 35 = alkalosis
Greater than 45 = acidosis

Question 16

NORMAL BICARBONATE LEVELS

Answer 16

22-26 Meq/L

Less than 22 = acidosis
Greater than 26 = alkalosis

Question 17

GOAL OF LOW FLOW O2 THERAPY

Answer 17

PaO2 – 60-65% and Saturation around 90%

Question 18

PAD Nursing goals

Answer 18

Adequate tissue perfusion
Relief of pain
Increased exercise tolerance
Intact healthy skin on all extremities

Question 19

ABI

Answer 19

Ankle brachial index to assess PAD

Question 20

ABI Equation

Answer 20

ABI= ankle pressure (right only or left only)/ higher arm BP

Question 21

ABI no compressible

Answer 21

> 1.30

Question 22

ABI normal

Answer 22

0.91-1.30

Question 23

ABI Mild/ moderate PAD

Answer 23

0.41-0.90

Question 24

ABI: Severe PAD

Answer 24

0.00- 0.40

Question 25

Hbg A1c NORMAL

Answer 25

less than | 6.5%

Question 26

Hgb A1c PREDIABETES

Answer 26

5.7-6.4%

Question 27

Fasting plasma glucose test NORMAL

Answer 27

Less than 100 mg/ dL

Question 28

Fasting plasma glucose test PRE- DIABETES

Answer 28

100-125 mg/dL Impaired fasting glucose

Question 29

Fasting plasma glucose test Diabetes

Answer 29

126+ mg/dL

Question 30

Impaired glucose tolerance

Answer 30

2 hour plasma glucose between 140-199 mg/ dL

Question 31

WHEN TO START HTN TREATMENT for those 60 years old and older

Answer 31

150/90

Question 32

WHEN TO START TREATMENT FOR HTN IN patients younger than 60 years old OR with DM and CKD

Answer 32

140/90

Question 33

BP=

Answer 33

BP = CO X PVR

Question 34

CO=

Answer 34

CO= SV x HR

Question 35

Claudication

Answer 35

"Limping" pain due to little blood flow Sx of PAD in extremity

Question 36

6 P's of the PAD assessment

Answer 36

``` Pain Pallor Pulselessness Paresthesia Paralysis Poikilothermia ```