Med Surg Ch 2 Flashcards
Determinants of Health Meaning
factors that influence the health of individuals of groups and help explain why some people experience poorer health than others
Factors in Determinants of health
Where people were born, grew up, live, work, and an individuals age
Health status
Holistic concept encompassing life expectancy and self-assessment of health, not just the presence or absence of disease
Community Health Measures
Birth and death rates
access to care
morbidity and mortality rates related to disease and injury
Health disparities meaning
differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality rate, and burden of diseases that exist among specific population groups
Health Equity
achieved when every person has the opportunity to attain their health potential and no one is disadvantaged
Ethnicity and Race
subjective and based on self report, used interchangeably
Factors and Conditions Leading to Health Disparities
- age
- disability status
- education-ethnicity and race
- gender
- health care provider attitude/biases
- health literacy
- income status
- lack of health care service access
- language barrier
- occupation or unemployment
- place
- sexual orientation
Place
refers to geographic and environmental location where a person is born, grows, lives, works, and ages. This affects use of health services, health status, and health behaviors
Adults without a high school diploma are 3 times more likely to die before 65 than those with a college degree T/F
True
Health literacy definition
the degree to which a person has the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions
Health Literacy Needed abilities
- to read, understand, and analyze information
- understand instructions
- weigh risks and benefits
- make decisions and take action
Low health literacy is associated with
- more hospitalizations
- greater use of emergency department
- decreased use of cancer screening
- decreased use of influenza vaccine
- decreased ability to use medications correctly
- higher mortality rates among older adults
Question to ask to get a sense of health literacy
Can you understand and fill out these forms on your own?
Women are less likely than men to have procedures T/F
True
Women visit the doctor more often than men T.F
true
Sexuality Definition
a persons romantic, emotional, or sexual attraction to another person
Discrimination and bias are likely to result in
- less aggressive or negative treatment practices
- delay of proper diagnosis due to assumptions about patient
Culture Definitions
- The way of life for a group of people, includes behaviors, beliefs, values, traditions, and symbols that the group accepts
- cultivated behavior through social learning, generation to generation
- the totality of a persons learned, accumulated experience that is socially transmitted
Values Definition
the set of rules by which persons, families, groups, and communities live
-principles and standards that serve as the basis for that culture
Basic Characteristics of Culture 0 Table 2.2
- Dynamic and ever-changing
- Not always shared by all members of a cultural group
- adapted to specific conditions like environmental factors
- learned through oral and written histories and socialization
Cultural Characteristics - Asian American
- Cultured foods
- Family loyalty
- Folk healing
- harmonious relationships
- harmony and balance with body vital for preservation of life energy
- respect for elders, parents, and ancestors
Cultural Characteristics - African American
- Cultural foods
- Family networks
- Folk healing
- Importance of religion
- Interdependence within ethnic group
- Music and physical activities valued
Cultural Characteristics - European American
- Equal rights of genders
- Independence and freedom
- Individualistic and competitive
- Materialistic
- Self-reliance valued
- Youth and beauty valued
Cultural Characteristics - Hispanic/Latino
- Cultural foods
- Folk healing
- Extended family valued
- Interdependence and collectivism
- Involvement of family in social activities
- Religion and spirituality highly valued
- Respect for elders and authority
Cultural Characteristics - Native American
- Doing the honorable thing
- Folk healing
- Living in harmony with people and nature
- Respect for tribal elders and children
- Respect for all things living
- Return what is taken from nature
- Spiritual guidance
Cultural Characteristics - Pacific Islander American
- Collective concern and involvement
- Kinship alliance among nuclear and extended family
- Knowledge is collective; belongs to group, not a person
- Natural order and balanced relationships
Acculturation Definition
the lifelong process of incorporating cultural aspects of the contexts in which a person grows, lives, works, and ages
-bidirectional: context changes as a persons culture influences it
Stereotyping Definition
an overgeneralized viewpoint of members of a specific culture, race, or ethnic group are all alike and share the same values, beliefs and attitudes
Ethnocentrism Definition
the belief that one’s own culture and worldview are superior to those of others from a different culture, ethnic, or racial background
Cultural imposition occurs when
we impose our own cultural beliefs and practices on another person or group of people, can come in the form of disregarding or trivializing a patients health care beliefs or practices
Cultural Safety Definition
care and advocacy for a person of another culture determined by that person or family, helps prevent cultural imposition
Transcultural Nursing Definition, by who, when, what is the goal
- Coined by Madeleine Leininger in the 1950s
- a specialty that focuses on the comparative study and analysis of cultures and subcultures
- goal is the discovery of culturally relevant facts to guide the nurse in culturally appropriate care
Cultural Competence Definition
the ability to understand, appreciate, and work with people from cultures other than your own
Cultural Competence Skills
- awareness and acceptance of cultural differences
- self awareness
- knowledge of the patients culture
- adaptation of skills to meet the patients need
4 components of cultural competence
- cultural awareness
- cultural knowledge
- cultural skill
- cultural encounter
