Med Surg Flashcards
complications post gastric bypass with nausea and vomiting especially if pt is obese
wound dehiscence and evisceration
Multiple sclerosis
inflammation of myelin sheath causes nerve pulses to be blocked or slowed
autonomic dysreflexia can occur
cognitive deficits fatigue numbness tingiling weakness ataxia tremors difficulty swallowing
Myasthenia Gravis
impulses blocked between nerve and muscles causing voluntary muscle weakness
face, throat, and facial weakness
NO cognitive impairment
not enough or too much meds causes RR failure
GBS
decreased reflexes in lower extremities
paresthesia of hands and feet
disease starts from feet moving up
autonomic dysreflexia can occur
Parkinsonism
loss of dopamine causes loss of voluntary movement
small handwriting shuffling gait pill rolling bradykinesia dysphonia dementia
ALS
motor neurons die
can feel sensation just cannot move
decreased fine finger control
RR paralaysis- diaphragm affected
autonomic dysreflexia
NEURO EMERGENCY
syndrome in which there is a sudden onset of excessively high blood pressure. It is more common in people with spinal cord injuries that involve the thoracic nerves of the spine or above (T6 or above)
causes: distended bladder fecal impaction low temperatures s/s
high blood pressure
headache
sweating forehead
high pulse
anticonvulsants
may become sleepy
avoid alcohol
give with food
venous insufficiency
elevate legs above heart
arterial insufficiency
lower legs
pyelonephritis
bacterial infection of kidneys
begins lower urinary tract moves up
Ecoli most common way
s/s n/v fever pain leukocytosis- pyuria looks cloudy
fluids and antibiotics
bronchitis
airway constriction
build up of mucus
s/s cyanotic increased CO2 acidosis edematous dyspnea right sided HF cardiac enragement accessory muscles
Emphysema
breakdown of alveoli causing less surface area for gas exchange
s/s loss of lunch elasticity dyspnea increased CO2, RR pursed lip breathing barrel chest thin, right sided heart failure
fractures
above heart level
ACS
keep at heart level
fasciotomy to release pressure
Osteoporosis
porous bones
thin, asians, Caucasians
dumping syndrome
s/s dehydration tachycardia weakness faint nausea
tx: high protein high fat diet
avoid milk, sweets, sugar
drink 1hr before/after meals
Paget disease - musculoskeletal
bowing of legs
the base of the skull is invaginated (soft)
Adrenal cortical insufficiency (addison)
low cortisol and aldosterone
low BS,low BP, low Na,
high K, high Cl, high Ca
ACTH test to check for addisons muscle weakness dark pigmentation GI symptoms steroids cause this
tx: orthostatic BP
give cortisol and aldosterone
Cushing syndrome- adrenal cortical increase
increase cortisol and aldosterone or taking too much steroids high Na, high BS, low K sodium fluid retention osteoporosis bruising thin skin purple abdomen/ striae thin legs moon face buffalo hump slow healing (high BS)
tx: low Na high K,
sliding scale
I/O daily weights
Pheochromocytoma
medulla affected in kidneys high catecholamines (norepi and epi)
tachycardia extreme hypertension- RF stroke need to look at 24 hour plasma urine for catecholamines diaphoresis headache palpitations
urine specific gravity
1.002- 1.030
concentrated 1.035
