med surg 30-32 Flashcards
1
Q
purpura
A
small hemorrhages in the skin mucous membranes, or subcutaneous tissues
2
Q
petechia
A
tiny reddish hemorrhage spots on the skin and mucous membranes
3
Q
Ecchymosis
A
bruising
4
Q
polycythemia
A
too many RBC
5
Q
Thrombocytopenia
A
decreased platelet count
6
Q
Neutrophils
A
Inflammatory response and defense against bacterial infection
7
Q
eosinophils
A
phagocytize foreign material
8
Q
lymphocytes
A
humoral immunity by producing antibodies. T lymphocytes provide cellular immunity
9
Q
phagocytosis
A
the ingestion and digestion of bacteria and foreign substances.
10
Q
prothrombin
A
clotting agent
11
Q
schilling test
A
used to diagnose pernicious anemia
12
Q
Hemolysis
A
destruction of erythrocytes
13
Q
lymphedema
A
obstructed lymph circulation causes an accumulation of lymph within soft tissue
14
Q
priapism
A
penis becomes engorged and remains persistently erect
15
Q
epstein barr
A
infectious mononucleosis
16
Q
erythropoietin
A
horomone released by the kidney it stimu;lates bone marrow to make RBC
17
Q
Reed-sternberg cells
A
almost immortal and reproduce prolifically with a similat appearance to lymphocytes
18
Q
lymphoma
A
group of cancers that affect the lymphatic system
19
Q
Hgb X 3 = HCT
A
know
20
Q
Hgb count
A
12-17.4 g/dL
21
Q
Platelet count
A
150k-350k/mm3
22
Q
Leukocytes count
A
5k-10k/mm3
23
Q
Syncopy
A
feeling of passing out
24
Q
plasma isnt a formed element
A
know
25
plasma is important for BP and blood volume
know
26
when your Hgb and HCT is low
Anemic
27
universal donor
type o-
28
universal recipient
AB+
29
neutrophils
attacks bacteria
30
basophils
allergic reactionw
31
eosinophils
parasitic
32
fibrinogen
essential clotting factor
33
cancers that attack the lymph system
lymphoma
34
low platelet count
thrombocytopenia
35
ingestion and digestion of bacteria and foreign materials
phagocytosis
36
humoral immunity by producing antibodies. T lymph provide cellular immunity.
Lymphocytes
37
___ ___ is lacking a intrinsic factor normally present in stomach secretions or fails to consume sufficient dietary resources of extrinsic factor
Pernicious Anemia
38
signs of __ ___ is jaundice, irritability, confusion, depression, numbness, tingling in arms and legs, and ataxia. Can lose vibration and position senses.
Pernicious Anemia
39
a test to diagnose pernicious anemia
Schillings test
40
___ ___ is a deficiency of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
Consequence of inadequate stem cell production of bone marrow.
Side effects: weakness and fatigue, coagulation, abnormalties, unusual bleeding, small hemorrhag, and brusises, spleen enlarged.
Treatment: whole blood transfusion, packed cells and platelets, antibodies to prevent or treat infections and high doses of corticosteroids, bone marrow transplant.
Aplastic anemia
41
__ __ is and almost insoluble compound which is a break down product of nitrogenous metabolism.
Uric Acid
42
A malignancy that produces enlargement of lymphoid tissue, the spleen, and liver with invasion of other tissues such as bone marrow and lungs.
Signs are painless enlargement of one or more lymph nodes.
Hodgkin's disease
43
a group of 30 sub classifications of malignant diseases that originate in lymph glands and other lymphoid tissue.
Signs are lymph node enlargement usually diffuse rather than localized- cervical, axillary, or inguinal regions.
Non-hodgkins lymphoma
44
prevents or modifies infectious disease
gamma globulin
45
__ ___ is ones own blood given and stored or autotransfused
Autologous blood
46
____ 5-20 ml restores clotting factors. Can give separate specific factor concentrate.
cryoprecipitate
47
What 2 drugs should be given during a blood transfusion.
Acetaminophen(ibuprofen) and diphnhydramine(benadryl)
48
the whole blood is removed from donor through one needle in one arm, circulated through a separator and returned to donor in the opposite arm. Needs ABO compatibility.
Pheresis
49
An Lpn can check the vital signs after the 1st 15 minutes but for the 1st 15 minutes an RN has to stay with the patient.
know
50
for a transfusion you'll check baseline VS, then every 15 mins x4, then every 30 mins until completed.
know
51
return the bag back to the lab/blood bank after used.
You can't add medication to the blood transfusion.
know
52
who can give a blood transfusion?
An RN and it has to be checked by 2 licensed nurses. Expiration date, patient name, room#, ID#, ID band,type and RH
53
___ ___ can occur if blood is infused under pressure.
Signs & symptoms: chest pain, acute SOB shock, and anxiety.
Treatment: turn patient on left side, trendelburg, and stop the infusion.
air embolism
54
___ R/T multiple infusions containing anticalcium agents.
S&S: tingling, muscle cramps, and convulsions.
Hypocalcemia
55
Blood is given with __ __ and blood administration has a set filter, 18 or 19 guage needle. Tubing and filter changed with each unit.
normal saline
56
__ can be used for detective clotting of blood. FFP contains all factors needed for clotting.
Plasma
57
__ ___ maintains osmotic pressure of the plasma ( burns, liver disease, and shock.)
serum albumin
58
What are the 3 types of blood cells produced by bone marrow
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
59
__ help form a clot for blood control.
platelets
60
__ transports O2 and removes CO2
Erythrocytes
61
Functions of the ___ system
circulates interstitial fluid and carries to veins. Filters and destroys potential harmful substances.
lymph system
62
____ leukemia is increased immature lymphocyte, normal or decreased granulocytes; erythrocytes and platelet counts may be normal or low.
chronic leukemia
63
Transfusion reaction
| s&s: urticarial, puruitus, fever, and anxiety is....
allergic reaction
64
signs and symptoms of ___ ___ is lymph node enlargement usually diffuse rather than localized. Cervical, axillary, or inguinal regions.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
65
___ leukemia has increased immature lymphocytes
Normal or decreased granulocytes
Erythrocytes and platelet count are decreased.
Acute
66
Transfusion reaction:
| S&s: n&v, increased HR, Tachycardia, pain in low back, hypotension, oliguria, hematuria, and anxiety.
hemolytic
67
___ engulf invading microorganisms and cellular debris and manufacture antibodies.
leukocytes
68
Nursing actions for administering iron...
```
Dilute liquid with NS
Don't take antacid
use z track method
tale on empty stomach
drink orange juice
```
know
69
s&s: weakness, fatigue, coagulation abnormalities, unusual bleeding, small hemorrhages, bruising, and spleen enlarged.
aplastic anemia
70
transfusion reaction:
febrile, lg donor to platelet, leukocytes or contaminated blood.
S&S: fever, flushing chills, tachycardia, nausea, headache, palpitations, fluid overload, dyspnea, and anxiety.
pyogenic ( most common )
71
__ is the destruction of erythrocytes
hemolysis
72
what is the largest lymphatic structure? beneath the diaphragm and behind the stomach. It's the reservoir of blood and contains phagocytes that engulf damaged erythrocytes and foreign substances.
Spleen
73
what turns undifferentiated stem cells into T lymphocytes
Thymus Gland
74
where are blood cells are produced?
Pluripotential Stem Cells: myeloid and lymphoid
75
Myeloid stem cells convert to (1) erythrocytes (2) leukocytes (3) platelets
know
76
Erythrocytes are anuclear, biconcave disks covered by a thin membrane.
Erythropoiesis: production of erythrocytes.
Erythroblasts are immature erythrocytes that do have a nucleus.
know
77
oxygen saturated hemoglobin
oxyhemoglobin
78
what is included in the hematopoietic system?
Bone Marrow, Blood, and Lymphatic system.
79
Red bone marrow: manufactures blood cells and hemoglobin.
Yellow bone marrow: manufactures blood cells under intense stimulation.
Lymphoid tissue: ( thymus gland and spleen ) have a role in hematopoiesis.
know
80
residual pigment from destroyed erthrocytes.
Bilirubin
81
Granulocytes: Neutrophils, basophils, and Eosinophils.
Agranulocytes: lymphocytes, and monocytes.
know
82
Right lymphatic duct: right subclavian vein
| Thoracic lymphatic duct: left subclavian vein
know
83
bleeding disorders that involve platelets or clotting factors.
Coagulopathies
84
abnormalties in mumber & type of RBC's
Blood Dyscrasias
85
Anemia type:
s&s: jaundice, tachycaria, dyspnea, cardiomegaly, dysrhythmias, priapism, gall stones: cva, shock.
They can have 2 problems: sickle cell crisis, and chronic hemolytic anemia.
Test: sickledex test, and hemoglobin electrophoresis
Sickle cell anemia
86
Stem cell transplant: the new stem cells develop into healthy blood cells, settling into bone marrow and producing new blood cells, a process referred to as engraftment. The WBC from the donor find remaining cancer cells and destroy them.
know
87
Multiple Myeloma: malignancy involving plasma cells B lymphs in bone marrow.
-Abnormal B lymphs release a factor that increases osteoclasts( break down bone cells), and it results in increased blood calcium and pathologic fractures.
s&s: vague pain, infection, symptoms of anemia, bruising, nosebleeds, renal calculi, pathogenic fx.
