Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med Surg 2 > Med Surg 2 > Flashcards

Med Surg 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Lower UTI includes:

A

Cystitis (Bladder)

Urethritis (urethra)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Upper UTI includes:

A

Pyelonephritis (kidneys)-risk for sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bacteria that is most common cause of UTI

A

E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

UTI are more common in men or women and why?

A

Women because they have a shorter urethra and their urethra is located close to the rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Urinate after intercourse to prevent UTI. T/F?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Signs of a Lower UTI (in bladder or urethra)

A

Dysuria (difficulty urinating), frequency and urgency, incontinence, hematuria (blood in urine), nocturia (urinating at night), suprapubic discomfort, burning, cloudy urine, increase in specific gravity (>1.029)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Signs of Upper UTI (in kidneys-renal parenchyma, pelvis, ureters )

A

flank pain, chills, fever, N/V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal parenchyma(consists of nephrons) and collecting system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra- may occur with cystitis, STD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Urosepsis

A

UTI that has spread systemically, life threatening, NEEDS EMERGENCY TREATMENT, could start from catheter, bacteria may become resistant, fever, to treat get culture and sensitivity and give antibiotics

Could leave to septic shock and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Uncomplicated UTI

A

only affects the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

complicated UTI

A

affects more than just the bladder, may affect more than one organ (i.e. kidney, bladder, urethra)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diagnosing a UTI

A

Urinalysis:

  • dipstick-increase WBC, proteins and dead cells (cass)
  • labs-Increase BUN, Creatinine, and Culture and Sensitivity
  • nitrites present in urine
  • increase WBC
  • leukocyte esterase (urine test for the presence of white blood cells and other abnormalities associated with infection)

*******A urine culture is then completed with positive urinalysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is completed for diagnosing UTI if positive urinalysis?

A

Urine Culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Meds for treating UTI

A

Antimicrobial, urinary analgesics, prophylactic or suppressive antibiotics

17
Q

Antimicrobial treatment of UTI in general

A

Bactrim (trimethoprim/sulamethoxazole), or trimethoprim alone if a sulfa allergy exists, nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin)

**Remember that sulfa drugs may cause crystals in the urine

18
Q

Antimicrobial treatment of uncomplicated UTI

A

Short course antibiotics, usually 1-3 days, some other ATB that could be used are Ampicillin, Amoxicillin and Cephalosporins

19
Q

Antimicrobial treatment of complicated UTI

A

Longer ATB treatment, usually 7-14 days or longer, some ATB such as Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin

^^Note that the above ATB are all fluoroquinolones

20
Q

Urinary analgesics treatment for UTI

A

Pain management, oral phenazyopyridine(AZO, Pyridium), topical analgesic that effects urinary mucosa, MAY TURN URINE ORANGE/BRIGHT RED

21
Q

Prophylactic (preventative) or suppressive ATBS for repeat UTI

A

Take these meds daily, lose dose TMP/SMX, this use is limited because of the risk of ATB resistance with increased use

22
Q

Foods/Drinks to avoid with UTI

A

alcohol, caffeine, citrus juive, chocolate, spicy foods

23
Q

Does cranberry juice/tablets have an affect on UTIs?

A

Yes, risk of uti’s may DECREASE with daily intake of cranberry juice/tablets.
**enzymes present in cranberries inhibit attachment of urinary pathogens to the bladder wall

24
Q

Interventions a nurse can do to prevent UTI

A

provide adequate fluids, avoid bladder irritants (ETOH, caffeine, spicy, chocolate, citrus juice), empty bladder regularly, perennial hygiene (front to back), cranberry juice, STERILE CATH TECHNIQUE, keep a closed cath system,

25
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Small abscesses on kidneys can become scar tissue

26
Q

Contributing factors to pyelonephritis

A

catheterization, pregnancy, immunocompromised, neurogenic bladder

27
Q

Acute pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of renal parenchyma and collecting system, can progress to chronic, begins with infection via ascending urethral route (starting at urethra and working its way up)

**pre-existing factors causing acute pyelone= vesicoureteral reflux(backward flow of urine from bladder into kidneys) and dysfunction of lower urinary tract

28
Q

Chronic pyelonephritis

A

Recurring episodes of infection, obstructive, kidneys become small and loose (scarring), can become end-stage renal disease (ESRD), slow and progressive with acute attacks

29
Q

Treatment of pyelonephritis

A

IV antibiotics (used in severe), rehydration for N/V, fluid intake, NSAIDS or urinary analgesics (AZO, Pyridium), monitor or urosepsis (UTI that has spread to whole body) or septic shock

30
Q

Nursing Management for Pyelonephritis

A

fluid intake- 15 ml per pound of body weight per day
drink at least 2-3 L of SUGARLESS fluid every day unless patient has fluid restriction
adequate caloric intake, bedrest, prevent UTI, prepare for dialysis
Monitor for hematuria (may indicate cyst rupture), hypernatremia

31
Q

Catheter Associate UTI (CAUTI)

A

Hospital Acquired Infection***(HAI)

32
Q

How to prevent CAUTI

A

appropriate use of catheter (early removal), proper STERILE technique during insertion

33
Q

Proper Cath. maintenance

A

closed system, label foley bag, keep bag below bladder, do not let any part of bag tough floor, change collection device every 24 hours

34
Q

Interstitial Cystitis (IC)/Painful Bladder Syndrome

A

IC-=chronic, painful inflammation of the bladder
PBS=suprapubic pain related to bladder filling

BOTH cannot be attributed to other causes such as infection or urinary calculi (kidney stones)

35
Q

Symptoms of IC

A

urgency, frequency, pain in bladder or pelvis, may have periods of exacerbation or remission

36
Q

Diagnosing IC

A

Cystoscopic exam may reveal a small bladder capacity and glomerulations

**urine cultures DO NOT find bacteria with IC/PBS; IC/PBS DOES NOT respond to ATB therapy

Med Surg 2 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions