Med/surg Flashcards
What is the effect of nicotine on the circulatory system?
Vasoconstrictor
What is digoxin used for?
It is used to treat heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
It belongs to a group of medicines known as cardiac glycosides.
Do not given if HR is below 60 bpm
What is the purpose of administering K+ supplement when receiving furosemide (diuretic)
To replace potassium losses produced by the furosemide
What is Isoprenaline (Isuprel)? and the most significant adverse effect of this medication after administration?
a) non-selective beta-adgrenegic agonist, used to treat bradycardia conditions
b) Dysrhythmias
What statement is most accurate for a modified radical mastectomy?
Large tumours with positive node involvement have the worst prognosis
What is the best statement regarding chest tube concerns and recovery?
Turn in bed frequently to promote drainage from the plural space and improve lung expansion
By what physiological mechanism do newborns stay warm?
Metabolising brown fat stores
Post op bowel resection, abdo is distended, absent bowel sounds and tympanic during percussion, what is most likely to be suspected?
Paralytic ileus
Indicators of hypovolarmic shock associated with internal bleeding include?
Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and cool, clammy skin
What blood test should be monitored, once started on heparin?
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
What is the priority concern, following a closed head injury?
Vomiting
What contact precautions are required for MRSA?
Gloves, gown and goggles
What is the expected developmental level of a 2 year old?
Uses a cup to drink
A client has developed A-Fib with a ventricular rate of 150 bpm, the nurse assesses the client for?
Hypotension and dizziness (due to LOW O2)
What are the signs of fluid overload (hypovolaemia)?
Hypertension, tachycardia, SOB and crackles on lung auscultation
Post renal biopsy, pt complains of pain that radiates to the front of abdomen, what does the nurse assess for?
Bleeding
Type 2 diabetes is characterised by?
Reduced secretion of insulin by the beta cells, combined with cellular resistance to insulin
Following a total hip replacement, what would alert the nurse of a possibility of neurological impairment in the affected extremity?
Altered sensation
What is compartment syndrome?
Bleeding and swelling which cause increased pressure in an area that cannot expand
To work within their scope of practice the enrolled nurse would know?
To work in a team under RN supervision
Which medication will be prescribed to a client who has tested positive for gonorrhea?
Azithromycin and Ceftriaxone
A client has been sexually assaulted and is quiet and calm, which behaviour are they displaying as a defence mechanism?
Denial
Which intervention is appropriate for a patient diagnosed with catatonic stupor?
Sit beside the client in silence with occasional open-ended questions
What is the purpose of an incident report?
It is a method of promoting quality care and risk management
What is a risk factor for the infant of a mother with gestational diabetes?
Hypoglycaemia
What is the purpose of a NGT on FD following a splenectomy?
To drain the stomach contents
Upon assessing a male client, the nurse notes blisters and ulceration on the shaft of the penis, what health problem does this indicate?
Genital herpes
What is the mode of transmission of MRSA?
Direct and indirect contact
Which hormone stimulates secretion of sex hormones by the ovary?
Luteinising hormone
Vessels in an umbilical cord consist of?
One vein and two arteries
Vessels in an umbilical cord consist of?
One vein and two arteries
What is the main purpose of the vein and arteries in the umbilical cord?
The vein carries nutrients and oxygen from the placenta to the developing fetus
The arteries carry waste from the fetus back to the placenta
What does a induration area of 10mm from the Mantous test indicate?
Client has been exposed to M. Tuberculosis or has been vaccinated BCG
What test is most reliable to confirm a diagnosis of TB?
Three consecutive sputum specimens for acid-fast bacilli and culture
Which of the following medications would you NOT expect to see a client to be on when beginning the intensive phase of treatment for TB?
a) Isoniazid
b) Ciproflaxacin
c) Ethambutol
d) Rifampicin
b) Ciproflaxacin
a, c & d are all antibiotics used for the treatment of TB
What is NOT a virus that causes STIs?
a) Herpes simplex
b) HPV
c) Trichomoniasis
d) Viral Hep A
c) Trichomoniasis - common STD caused by bacterial infection
Why are medications usually contraindicated when breastfeeding?
because many drugs are excreted in breast milk and can affect the baby
What is an example of a hyper-osmotic laxative?
Lactulose
What does uncomfortable feeling in uterus during breast feeding indicate?
The release of oxytocin during breast feeding
What complication does the nurse need to observe for once administering Metalyse (thrombolytic drug tenecteplase)?
Epistaxis (bleeding from the nose, either spontaneous or induced by nose picking or trauma)
Which medication should a client be weaned off slowly and wjhy?
Prednisone suppresses cortisol production in the adrenal glands. A gradual reduction in prednisone gives the adrenal gland time to resume their usual function and restore cortisol production.
Which STI’s can lead to infertility?
Chlamydia and gonorrhoea
Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis, what manifestations are likely to have been initially experienced?
Sensory disturbances that include blurred vision and tinnitus
What is echolalia and an example of this?
Echolalia is when a person repeat noises and phrases that they hear. Usually seen in people with schizophrenia and autism.
Example: Nurse: “are you ready to eat?”, Client: “Ready to eat, ready to eat, ready to eat”.
Why does the nurse check the gastric contents of a nasogastric tube with Litmus paper before feeding?
To determine if the nasogastric tube is in the stomach
What is the pathophysiologic mechanism of cystic fibrosis leading to obstructive lung disease?
Production of abnormally thick, copious secretions from mucous glands
What is the primary treatment for cystic fibrosis?
Vigorous and consistent chest physiotherapy.
