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State Exam Revision > Med/surg > Flashcards

Med/surg Flashcards

1
Q

What is the effect of nicotine on the circulatory system?

A

Vasoconstrictor

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2
Q

What is digoxin used for?

A

It is used to treat heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
It belongs to a group of medicines known as cardiac glycosides.
Do not given if HR is below 60 bpm

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3
Q

What is the purpose of administering K+ supplement when receiving furosemide (diuretic)

A

To replace potassium losses produced by the furosemide

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4
Q

What is Isoprenaline (Isuprel)? and the most significant adverse effect of this medication after administration?

A

a) non-selective beta-adgrenegic agonist, used to treat bradycardia conditions
b) Dysrhythmias

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5
Q

What statement is most accurate for a modified radical mastectomy?

A

Large tumours with positive node involvement have the worst prognosis

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6
Q

What is the best statement regarding chest tube concerns and recovery?

A

Turn in bed frequently to promote drainage from the plural space and improve lung expansion

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7
Q

By what physiological mechanism do newborns stay warm?

A

Metabolising brown fat stores

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8
Q

Post op bowel resection, abdo is distended, absent bowel sounds and tympanic during percussion, what is most likely to be suspected?

A

Paralytic ileus

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9
Q

Indicators of hypovolarmic shock associated with internal bleeding include?

A

Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and cool, clammy skin

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10
Q

What blood test should be monitored, once started on heparin?

A

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

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11
Q

What is the priority concern, following a closed head injury?

A

Vomiting

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12
Q

What contact precautions are required for MRSA?

A

Gloves, gown and goggles

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13
Q

What is the expected developmental level of a 2 year old?

A

Uses a cup to drink

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14
Q

A client has developed A-Fib with a ventricular rate of 150 bpm, the nurse assesses the client for?

A

Hypotension and dizziness (due to LOW O2)

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15
Q

What are the signs of fluid overload (hypovolaemia)?

A

Hypertension, tachycardia, SOB and crackles on lung auscultation

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16
Q

Post renal biopsy, pt complains of pain that radiates to the front of abdomen, what does the nurse assess for?

A

Bleeding

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17
Q

Type 2 diabetes is characterised by?

A

Reduced secretion of insulin by the beta cells, combined with cellular resistance to insulin

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18
Q

Following a total hip replacement, what would alert the nurse of a possibility of neurological impairment in the affected extremity?

A

Altered sensation

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19
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Bleeding and swelling which cause increased pressure in an area that cannot expand

20
Q

To work within their scope of practice the enrolled nurse would know?

A

To work in a team under RN supervision

21
Q

Which medication will be prescribed to a client who has tested positive for gonorrhea?

A

Azithromycin and Ceftriaxone

22
Q

A client has been sexually assaulted and is quiet and calm, which behaviour are they displaying as a defence mechanism?

A

Denial

23
Q

Which intervention is appropriate for a patient diagnosed with catatonic stupor?

A

Sit beside the client in silence with occasional open-ended questions

24
Q

What is the purpose of an incident report?

A

It is a method of promoting quality care and risk management

25
Q

What is a risk factor for the infant of a mother with gestational diabetes?

A

Hypoglycaemia

26
Q

What is the purpose of a NGT on FD following a splenectomy?

A

To drain the stomach contents

27
Q

Upon assessing a male client, the nurse notes blisters and ulceration on the shaft of the penis, what health problem does this indicate?

A

Genital herpes

28
Q

What is the mode of transmission of MRSA?

A

Direct and indirect contact

29
Q

Which hormone stimulates secretion of sex hormones by the ovary?

A

Luteinising hormone

30
Q

Vessels in an umbilical cord consist of?

A

One vein and two arteries

31
Q

Vessels in an umbilical cord consist of?

A

One vein and two arteries

32
Q

What is the main purpose of the vein and arteries in the umbilical cord?

A

The vein carries nutrients and oxygen from the placenta to the developing fetus
The arteries carry waste from the fetus back to the placenta

33
Q

What does a induration area of 10mm from the Mantous test indicate?

A

Client has been exposed to M. Tuberculosis or has been vaccinated BCG

34
Q

What test is most reliable to confirm a diagnosis of TB?

A

Three consecutive sputum specimens for acid-fast bacilli and culture

35
Q

Which of the following medications would you NOT expect to see a client to be on when beginning the intensive phase of treatment for TB?
a) Isoniazid
b) Ciproflaxacin
c) Ethambutol
d) Rifampicin

A

b) Ciproflaxacin

a, c & d are all antibiotics used for the treatment of TB

36
Q

What is NOT a virus that causes STIs?
a) Herpes simplex
b) HPV
c) Trichomoniasis
d) Viral Hep A

A

c) Trichomoniasis - common STD caused by bacterial infection

37
Q

Why are medications usually contraindicated when breastfeeding?

A

because many drugs are excreted in breast milk and can affect the baby

38
Q

What is an example of a hyper-osmotic laxative?

A

Lactulose

39
Q

What does uncomfortable feeling in uterus during breast feeding indicate?

A

The release of oxytocin during breast feeding

40
Q

What complication does the nurse need to observe for once administering Metalyse (thrombolytic drug tenecteplase)?

A

Epistaxis (bleeding from the nose, either spontaneous or induced by nose picking or trauma)

41
Q

Which medication should a client be weaned off slowly and wjhy?

A

Prednisone suppresses cortisol production in the adrenal glands. A gradual reduction in prednisone gives the adrenal gland time to resume their usual function and restore cortisol production.

42
Q

Which STI’s can lead to infertility?

A

Chlamydia and gonorrhoea

43
Q

Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis, what manifestations are likely to have been initially experienced?

A

Sensory disturbances that include blurred vision and tinnitus

44
Q

What is echolalia and an example of this?

A

Echolalia is when a person repeat noises and phrases that they hear. Usually seen in people with schizophrenia and autism.
Example: Nurse: “are you ready to eat?”, Client: “Ready to eat, ready to eat, ready to eat”.

45
Q

Why does the nurse check the gastric contents of a nasogastric tube with Litmus paper before feeding?

A

To determine if the nasogastric tube is in the stomach

46
Q

What is the pathophysiologic mechanism of cystic fibrosis leading to obstructive lung disease?

A

Production of abnormally thick, copious secretions from mucous glands

47
Q

What is the primary treatment for cystic fibrosis?

A

Vigorous and consistent chest physiotherapy.

State Exam Revision (1 decks)

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