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Med Sci > Med Sci Exam > Flashcards

Med Sci Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Monosaccharide examples

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

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2
Q

4 components of digestion

A

Ingestion, digestion (mechanical and chemical), absorption, elimination.

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3
Q

Balanced Diet - components and macronutrient breakdown

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats (macronutrients), vitamins, minerals, fiber, water (micronutrients)

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4
Q

Protein functions

A

Growth, repair, enzymes, hormones, antibodies

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5
Q

Macromolecule indicators (from lab)

A

Benedict’s solution (carbohydrates), Biuret reagent (proteins), Sudan IV (lipids).

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6
Q

Cholesterol levels

A

High levels increase cardiovascular disease risk

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7
Q

Types of food additives

A

Preservatives, colorings, flavor enhancers, stabilizers

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8
Q

Saturated vs unsaturated fats

A

Saturated (solid at room temp, animal sources), unsaturated (liquid at room temp, plant sources).

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9
Q

Carbohydrates - general and complex vs simple

A

Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, fibers. Complex (starches) vs simple (sugars)

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10
Q

Lipids

A

Fats and oils; energy storage, insulation, cell membranes.

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11
Q

BMI vs BMR

A

BMI (Body Mass Index) measures body fat based on height and weight; BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) measures energy expenditure at rest

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12
Q

Vitamin deficiencies (main ones)

A

Vitamin A, B-complex, C, D, E, K

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13
Q

Definition of a food calorie

A

Measure of energy in food

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14
Q

First and second lines of defense in immune system

A

First line (physical barriers like skin, mucous membranes), second line (non-specific immune responses like inflammation, phagocytes).

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15
Q

Herd immunity

A

Resistance to disease within a population due to high vaccination rates.

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16
Q

Antibiotic resistance

A

Ability of bacteria to resist antibiotic treatment

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17
Q

Types of disease transmission

A

Direct (person to person), indirect (via vectors or fomites)

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18
Q

Viruses

A

Infectious agents requiring a host cell for replication.

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19
Q

Lytic vs lysogenic cycle

A

Lytic (immediate host cell destruction), lysogenic (viral DNA integrates into host DNA).

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20
Q

Types of vaccines and how they work (general)

A

Live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, mRNA; train immune system to recognize and fight pathogens.

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21
Q

Names of bacteria - how to classify based on shapes

A

Cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), spirilla (spiral-shaped).

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22
Q

Bacterial reproduction - asexual vs sexual

A

Asexual (binary fission), sexual (conjugation).

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23
Q

Gram staining

A

Method to classify bacteria based on cell wall structure.

24
Q

Sterilization techniques

A

Heat, chemicals, radiation.

25
Q

Horseshoe crab blood uses:

A

Detecting bacterial endotoxins in medical applications.

26
Q

Antivirals

A

Drugs that inhibit viral replication.

27
Q

Focus of Public Health

A

Prevention of disease, promotion of health in populations.

28
Q

HIV

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus; causes AIDS.

29
Q

Chronic vs acute diseases

A

Chronic (long-lasting), acute (short-term).

30
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study of disease distribution and control in populations.

31
Q

Susceptible populations

A

Groups vulnerable to disease due to factors like age or health status.

32
Q

Neonatal abstinence syndrome

A

Withdrawal symptoms in newborns exposed to drugs in utero.

33
Q

Superbugs

A

Bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics.

34
Q

Drug users in Canada

A

Issues related to addiction, harm reduction, and public health policies

35
Q

Macro and micro-environmental factors of Public Health

A

Macro (socioeconomic status, infrastructure), micro (individual behaviors, genetics).

36
Q

Lyme disease

A

Tick-borne bacterial infection.

37
Q

Vital signs

A

Measurements of body functions (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, temperature).

38
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of internal stability despite external changes.

39
Q

Types of blood cells

A

Red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), platelets (thrombocytes).

40
Q

Circulatory diseases

A

Conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels.

41
Q

Subcategories of medical technology

A

Imaging (MRI, CT), diagnostics (blood tests), therapeutic (surgery, radiation therapy).

42
Q

Blood pressure

A

Force of blood against artery walls; measured as systolic/diastolic

43
Q

Classifications of risk for medical devices

A

Class I (low risk), Class II (moderate risk), Class III (high risk)

44
Q

Medical imaging devices

A

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), CT (computed tomography)

45
Q

Information technology

A

Use of computers and software in healthcare.

46
Q

Radiology

A

Medical specialty using imaging to diagnose and treat diseases

47
Q

MRI vs CT scans

A

MRI (uses magnetic fields and radio waves), CT (uses X-rays); both for imaging internal body structures.

48
Q

RNA and DNA

A

Nucleic acids; RNA (single-stranded, transcribes genetic info), DNA (double-stranded, stores genetic info).

49
Q

Transcription

A

Process of copying DNA into RNA

50
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg formed by union of sperm and egg

51
Q

Biotechnology definition

A

Use of living organisms or their products in technology or medicine

52
Q

Ethical concerns of biotech

A

Genetic manipulation, informed consent, environmental impact.

53
Q

Gene therapy

A

Treatment involving genetic material to treat or prevent disease.

54
Q

Reproductive cloning vs Therapeutic cloning

A

Reproductive (produces clone of organism), therapeutic (produces embryonic stem cells for research/treatment).

55
Q

Selective breeding:

A

Breeding of organisms for specific traits.

Med Sci (1 decks)

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