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pharm comprehensive prep > med review > Flashcards

med review Flashcards

1
Q

Bethanechol
Cevimeline
pilocarpine

A

muscarinic agonists

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2
Q

muscarinic agonist used in xerostomia (dry mouth) and Sjorgren syndrome

A

Cevimeline

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3
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Muscarinic agonist used in glaucoma

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4
Q

Atropine

A

treatment of muscarinic poisoning / muscarinic antagonist

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5
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

which is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor

drug of choice for Myasthenia gravis

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6
Q

muscarinic antagonist that is used for motion sickness

A

Scoplamine

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7
Q

Muscarinic antagonist used in the treatment of asthma, COPD, rhinitis caused by allergies or the common cold

A

Atrovent

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8
Q

muscarinic antagonist used for IBS and functional bowel disorders such as hypermotility and diarrhea

A

Dicyclomine (Bentyl)

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9
Q

Benztropine (Congentin

Trihexyphenidyl

A

centrally actin anticholinergic used to treat Parkinson disease and drug induced parkinsonism

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10
Q 
oxybutynin (Oxytrol)
Darifenacin (Enablex) 
tolterodine (Detrol)
Solifenacin (Vesicare)
Fesoterodine (Toviaz)
Trospium (Sanctura XR)
A

anticholinergics agents used in Overactive bladder if behavioral therapy has not worked

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11
Q

in the case of severe liver impairment, which anticholinergic would you avoid when treating for Overactive bladder

A

Darfenacin (Enablex)

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12
Q

which of the anticholinergics used in overactive bladder can prolong QT

A

Solifenacin (Vesicare)
Tolterodine (Detrol)
Fesoterodine (Toviaz)

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13
Q

which of the anticholinergics used in overactive bladder can cause angioedema in the face, lips, tongue and larynx

A

Solifenacin (Vesicare)

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14
Q

antimuscarinic tox mnemonic

A 
Hot as a hare (hyperthermia)
Dry as a bone (dry eyes, dry mouth, dry skin)
Red as a beet (flushed face)
Blind as a bat (mydriasis)
Mad as a hatter (delirium)
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15
Q

antidote for antimuscarinic poisoning

A

physostigmine (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor)

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16
Q

drug of choice for HTN with no other comorbidities

A

Thiazide diuretic

Hydrochlorathiazide

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17
Q

what antihypertensives are not good for a renal pt

A

Aces (-pril) and ARBS (-sartan)

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18
Q

HTN and CAD

A

B Blocker ( -lol)

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19
Q

Diabetic with HTN

A

Ace inhibitor (-pril)

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20
Q

Pregnant with HTN

A

methyldopa

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21
Q

a hyperkalemic pt needs a diuretic

A

Bumex, HCTZ and lasix are potassium wasting diuretics

22
Q

ACE or ARB - which is less likely to cause hyperkalemia

A

ARB (-sartan)

23
Q

Ace inhibitors should not be combined with what diuretic?

A

spironolactone - spares potassium

Ace has a risk of hyper K as well

24
Q

Drugs given for Verapamil tox

A

Atropine and glucagon for bradycardia

norepinephrine for hypotension

25
Q

what should be combined with nifedipine to prevent reflex tachycardia

A

B blocker

26
Q

what type of CCB can be given if they have a history of bradycardia

A

dihydropyridine

Nifedipine

27
Q

nondihydropyridine CCB

A

These affect HR and slow conduction of SA node
Verapamil
Diltiazem (Cardizem)

28
Q

antihypertensives most likely to cause orthostatic hypotension

A

Prazosin (Minipress)
captopril
Losartan

29
Q

fluid retention is a serious side effect and can lead to cardiac decompensation

A

Minoxidil

30
Q

what antihypertensive is safe for a 1 month old, a child and an older adult

A

Hydralazine

31
Q

hydralazine is usually combined with a ____ to prevent ___

A

B blocker

reflex tachycardia

32
Q

drug of choice in severe pre-eclampsia

A

Hydralazine

33
Q

can a hf pt have NSAIDS

A

no, can increase fluid retention

34
Q

HF pt - what meds?

A

diuretic - Loop - lasix

Ace inhibitors if they cant tolerate use ARB
ACE -causes dilation in periphery, decrease in systemic vascular resistance. blockade of aldosterone (aldosterone hangs onto sodium which makes you retain water). reduced cardiac modeling due to elevated levels of kinin.
ARB - we don’t see elevated levels of kinin so not as cardiac protection as the ACE. other benefits are the same.

B Blocker (has to be pretty dry when initiate or adjust)
If they are having an exacerbation or fluid overload, do not mess with B Blocker. long term survival benefits
-Metoprolol XR
-Carvedilol
-Bisoprolol

2nd line adjunct
Spironolactone as a short term adjunct burst therapy. balance potassium loss, blocks aldosterone

Digoxin -requires frequent lab monitoring and teaching signs and symptoms of dig tox

35
Q

lab monitoring for pt on an ACE or ARB

A

CBC
CMP
follow BUN and creatinine bc elevated would be contraindication for ACE
also avoid in pt with severe renal artery stenosis

36
Q

lab monitoring for pt on Diuretic

A

CMP

monitor electrolytes

37
Q

lab monitoring for Digoxin

A

serum dig levels

38
Q

pt on digoxin has n/v

anorexia

A

most common adverse effect not dig tox

39
Q

pt on dig
altered HR or rhythm
visual disturbances
gastro disturbances

A

dig tox

40
Q

renal difference in thiazide vs loop diuretics

A

loop diuretics can be given even with a low GFR

thiazide diuretics do not work in poor renal function

41
Q

why are potassium sparing diuretics used in HF

A

to offset loss of potassium in the loop diuretics

also blocks aldosterone in RAAS

42
Q

1st line breastfeeding mom for antidepressant

A

zoloft

43
Q

Demerol
Elavil
Benadryl
okay for older adults?

A

no

44
Q

what anti-seizure has the genetic variant (asian)

HLA-B1502

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

45
Q

Zoloft and azythromycin, why can they not be given together?

A

they both have the chance of prolong QT

46
Q

chlordiazepoxide
clorazepate (Tranxene)
oxazepam
Lorazepam (Ativan)

A

Benzodiazepines used to facilitate alcohol withdrawal

you can add on a B blocker for elevated HR if needed

47
Q

Naltrexone

A

opioid antagonist
blocks pleasurable effects with alcohol
used to maintain abstinence

48
Q

Acamprosate

A

maintaining abstinence in pt with alcohol dependence

Benefits derive from reducing unpleasant feelings

49
Q

lopid and coumadin together

A

lopid displaces coumadin (elevated coagulation)

hyperlipidemia

50
Q

first line for GAD

A

SSRI and SNRI

Effexor
Cymbalt
Paxil
lexapro

pharm comprehensive prep (4 decks)

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