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Med Pathology and Pharmacology > Med path- infections > Flashcards

Med path- infections Flashcards

1
Q

infectious disease

A

pathogen causes injury and is associated with one or more clinical symptoms

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2
Q

colonization

A

a person can carry the disease and transmit to others but is aymptomatic

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3
Q

incubation period

A

period between the pathogen entering the host and the appearance of symptoms

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4
Q

incubation period

A

no symptoms

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5
Q

prodromal period

A

nonspecific constitutional symptoms

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6
Q

convalescene

A

symptoms fade

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7
Q

universal precautions

A

wash hands

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8
Q

contact precautions

A

used during direct patient care, use PPE, wipe down surface, do not share equipment

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9
Q

droplet precautions

A

large particle organisms, transmitted via sneeze, cough, laugh, travel 3 ft or less

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10
Q

airborne precautions

A

small particle organisms, carried in air current, transmitted by sneeze, cough, laugh

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11
Q

clostridium difficile (C diff)–bacterial

A

risk: 65 or older, antibiotic use
transmission: fecal-oral, nonsocomial, HCW
Path: antibiotics change intestinal flora
symptoms: persistent diarrhea, elevated WBCs
Treatment: D/C antibiotics, control diarrhea, flegyl or vancomycin

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12
Q

Staphylcocci–bacterial

A

risk: broken skin corticosteroid use
transmission: direct contact with open skin nonsocomial or community
path: secretes toxic enzymes, can enter blood stream
symptoms: fever, chills, malaise, pain and edema, abscess
treatment: vancomycin, drainage of abscess

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13
Q

Pseudomonas–bacterial

A

risk: hospitalization
transmission: wound contamination nosocomial
path: secretes toxins covering protects from immune response
symptoms: pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, swimmer’s ear, osteochondritis
treatment: antibiotic resistant local infection < risk than systemic

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14
Q

syphilis–bacterial

A

Risk: unprotected sex

transmission: sexual contact, placental transfer
path: enzymatic transfer to vascular and lymph tissue, damage through inflammatory response
symptoms: genital and/or mouth sores, flu like symptoms
treatment: antibiotics

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15
Q

chlamydia and gonorrhea–bacterial

A

risk: unprotected sex
transmission: sexual contact, mother to infant delivery
path: destruction of epithelial cells and lyphocytes
symptoms: pelvic pain, pain with urination, discahrge
treatment: antibiotics

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16
Q

streptococcus–bacterial

A

risk: none
transmission: respiratory droplets
path: dependent on area where colonization takes place
symptoms: pharyngitis, impetigo, scarlet fever,
treatment: antibiotics, emergency surgery w/ debridement

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17
Q

pneumococcus–bacterial

A

risk: <65 years recent flu, chronic illness, immune, dysfunction, alcoholism, splenectomy
transmission: respiratory droplets
path: colonizes in oropharnyx and spreads to sinuses, lungs and blood stream
symptoms: fever chills chest p! cough with sputum
treatment: antibitics, immunization

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18
Q

cellulitis–bacterial

A

acute infection of the dermis and subcu. tissues
localized tenderness, induration, heat, fever, malaise, chills, and regional adenopathy
use systemic anitiobitcs
associated with lymphatic disorder and ulcers

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19
Q

impetigo–bacterial

A

one of the most common skin infections in children, can blister (most common) or not blisters
face, neck, extremities, and hands

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20
Q

ecthyma–bacterial

A

deep ulcer with yellow-green crust that extends into the dermis
painful lesions often found on the lower limbs of debilitated individuals

21
Q

Herpes simplex type 1–viral

A

risk: advanced age
transmission: direct contact
path: local infection, viremia, latent infection, reactivation possible
symptoms: mouth, throat and lip ulcers, fever and malaise
treatment: no cure, antiviral for symptoms: valacyclovir

22
Q

Herpes simplex type 2–viral

A

risk: unprotected sex
transmission: sexual contact and during birth
path: local infection, viremia, latent infection, reactivation possible
symptoms: genital ulcers, discharge, burning and itching, fever, headache, malase
treatment: no cure antiviral for symptoms: acyclovir, famciclovir

23
Q

varcella zoster (shingles)–viral

A

risk: >50 years, young adult in dorms, immunocompromised
transmission: airborne droplets or direct contact with eye or respiratory fluid
path: viremia, multiplies is organs and re-disseminates into blood steam and then skin/mucosa
symptoms: fever, malaise, distinct dermatomal rash
treatment: no cure, vaccination, bed rest, analgesics, itch relief, antibiotics for secondary infection, antivirals for adults only
* chickenpox is primary infection, long term could be postherpetic neuralgia
* RESIDES IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA
* not contagious

24
Q

Mononucleosis–viral

A

risk: EBV epstein barr virus
transmission: direct contact with blood, oral secretion, transplanted organs
path: EBV cause lymph tissues proliferation: lives in B lymphocytes and may reactivate
symptoms: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, sore throat, splenomegaly, headache, tender lymph nodes
treatment: rest supportive care

25
Q

cytomegalovirus

A

risk: compromised immune system, unborn fetus
transmission: direct contract with blood urine/feces, sexual secretions, breast milk
path: usually self limiting in healthy adults, spreads though myphocytes causes diffuse inflamm responses, mortality rate high in neonates and transplant patients
symptoms: neonates: mR hearing or vision loss, enlarge spleen/liver poor immunity, fever, hep, splenomegaly, GI, encephalitis, retinitis
treatment: antiviral

26
Q

influenza–viral

A

risk: very young very old immune system dysfunction
transmission: direct contact or inhalation of droplets
path: abrupt onset, invades epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and prevents ciliary movement of secretions
symptoms: high fever, malaise, myalgia, headache, sore throat, nasal congesion, cough
treatment: vaccination, antiviral, supportive care, droplet precautions

27
Q

tinea pedis

A

athletes foot

28
Q

tinea cruris

A

inguinal area, jock itch

29
Q

tinea corporis

A

trunk

30
Q

tinea faciale

A

face

31
Q

tinea capitis

A

head/scalp

32
Q

tinea mannum

A

hands

33
Q

candidiasis

A

most frequently cause by yeast–Candida albicans

34
Q

scabies

A

female mite burrows into skin and lays eggs, 30-60 day incubation period
treatment: remove mite with microscopic needle excision

35
Q

lice

A

head body or pubic lice
can see the grey colored louse eggs at the base of the hair or on clothing
treatment: shampoo or lotions

36
Q

eczema

A

inflammatory skin response to an injurious agents, used to denote endogenous disorders

37
Q

dermatitis

A

used for exogenous disorders, irritant or allergic contact dermatitis

38
Q

Rosacea

A

is an inflammatory skin disease that causes facial redness, red small pus filled bumps or pustules

39
Q

urticaria

A

hives, red or pink pruritic edematous wheals

40
Q

psoriasis

A

chronic recurrent, inflammatory disease
cause is unknown
round, circunscribed, erythemtous, dry, scaling plaque of various sizes covered by cilvery white scales

41
Q

melanin

A

brown

42
Q

carotenoids

A

yellow, from diet

43
Q

oxyhemoglobin

A

red

44
Q

reduced hemoglobin

A

blue

45
Q

nail disorders

A

changes in nail integrity, texture, color, thickness, and/or clubbing should be noted

46
Q

thick dystrophic nails

A

indicative of circulatory compromise or fungal infection

47
Q

yellow nail syndrome

A

thickening and yellowing/greening discoloration

often associated with lymphedema and compromised respiration

48
Q

clubbing of the nails

A

idiopathic or acquired: cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic or GI disease

Med Pathology and Pharmacology (2 decks)

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