MED MATH Flashcards
Roman Numeral : 1/2
ss
roman numeral : 1
i or t, I
roman numeral : 2
ii or tt, II
romannumeral : 3
iii, ttt, III
roman numeral : 4
iv, tv, IV
roman numeral :5
v or V
roman numeral :6
vi, vt, or VI
roman numeral :7
vii, vtt, VII
roman numeral : 8
viii, vttt, VIII
roman numeral : 9
ix, tx, IX
roman numeral :10
x, X
roman numeral 15
xv, XV
roman numeral 20
xx, XX
roman numeral 30
xxx, XXX
roman numeral 50
L
roman numeral 100
C
roman numeral 500
D
roman numeral 1000
M
Lovely
Cats
Dont
Meow
L=50
C=100
D=500
M=1000
Converting from percent to fraction
- drop the percent sign
- write the number as the numerator
- write100 as the denominator
- reduce fraction to lowest term
Ex:
8% = 8/100 -> reduced is 2/25
Converting percent to decimal
-drop the percent sign
-divide the number by 100
(Moves the decimal point 2 places to the left)
Ex: 25%= 25/100= 25 -> .25
Determining percent of change
- Make a fraction of change = change/old
- Multiply the fraction by 100 to change it to a percent and then add the percent sign
Basic units of metric measurement
Weight(solid) Gram g
Volume(liquid) Liter L
Length Meter m
Kilo
1,000
One thousand times
He to
100
One hundred times
Deal
10
Ten times
Deci
0.1
One tenth
Centi
0.01
One hundredth part of
Milli
0.001
One thousandth part of
Micro
0.000001
One millionth part of
Kitty Hawk Doesnt Drink Canned Milk Much
Kilo Hecto Deka Deci Centi Milli Micro
Common metric Abbreviations
Gram = g Microgram = mcg Milligram = mg Kilogram = kg Liter = L Deciliter = dL Milliliter = mL
Rules of the metric system
- reinforce the decimal. Add the leading zero -> 0.53
- don’t add unnecessary zeros -> 2.5 mL NOT 2.50 mL
Metric equivalents (weight)
1 kilogram(kg) = 1000 grams 1 gram(g) = 1000 milligrams 1 milligram(mg) = 1000 micrograms (mcg)
Metric equivalents (volume)
1 liter(L) = 1000 milliliters (mL) 1 milliliter (mL) = 0.001 liter (L)
Metric equivalents (length)
1 meter(m) = 100 centimeters(cm) = 1000 mm
1 millimeter(mm) = 0.001 meter(m)= 0.1 cm
Household system measurements
1 teaspoon(t, tsp) = 5 mL 1 tablespoon (T, tbs) = 15 mL 1 measuring cup = 8 oz
Household Metric equivalents
teaspoon -> 5 mL
tablespoon -> 1T =3 t -> 15mL
ounce(fluid) -> 1 oz = 2 T -> 30 mL
cup(standard measuring) -> 1 cup = 8 oz ->240mL
pint -> 1 pt= 2 cups (16 oz) -> 500 mL
quart -> 1 qt = 4 cups = 2pt = 32 oz -> 1000mL
pound(weight) -> 1 lb = 16 oz -> 2.2 lb = 1 kg (1000 g)
1 in = 2.5 cm
1 glass =6 oz
The rights of Medication Administration
- right client
- right medication
- right dose
- right route
- right time
- right documentation
- right indication
- right to know
- right to refuse
- right response
Oral administration
oral medication administered by mouth
sublingual administration
placed under the tongue and designed to be absorbed
enteric-coated tablets/capsules
coated with a special coating that does not dissolve in the stomach
buccal
placed in the mouth against the mucous membranes of the cheek to dissolve
standing order/routine order
medication is to be given for a specified number of doses
prn order
this order is to be administered as needed
stat order
medication is to be given immediately but only once unless reordered
single order
medication to be given only once at a specified time
symbols form medication administration
c,C = cup g = gram gtt = drop kg = kilogram L = liter mcg = microgram mEq = milliequivalent mg = milligram mL = milliliter oz = ounce pt = pint qt = quart T, tbs = tablespoon t, tsp = teaspoon
commonly used medication abbreviations
ID = intradermal IM = intramuscular IV =intravenous IVPB = intravenous piggyback n.p.o = nothing by mouth noc, noct = at night NAS = intranasal p.o. = by mouth, oral p.r. = by rectum q. = every q.a.m = every morning qh = every hour q2h, q4h = every 2 hours every 4 hours q.i.d =four times a day t.i.d = three times a day
Trade name
the brand name under which a manufacturer markets the medication.usually followed by a registration symbol
generic name
the proper, chemical name of the medication
dosage of mediction
indicates the amount or weight provided in the form (per tablet, per milliliter)
route of administration
important because a medication can be administered by several routes
time & frequency
standard abbreviations should be used to indicate when and what times a medication is to be administered
signature for the order
for a medication to be legal, it must be signed by the health care provider
interpreting a medication order
- name of the medication
- the dosage expressed in standard abbreviations or symbols
- route
- frequency
Formula for calculating dosages
D/H x Q = x D- dosage desired H-dosage strength available Q- quantity or unit of measure that contains the dosage that is available x- the unknown
forms of solid medication
tablets
- caplets
- scored tablets
- enteric-coated tablets
- sublingual tablets
- buccal tablets
- layered tablets
- film tab
- orally disintegrating tablets
- chewable tablets
- time-release and extended release tablets
elixir
alcohol solution that is sweet and aromatic
suspension
one or more medications finely divided int a liquid such as water
syrup
medication dissolved in concentrated solution of sugar and water
standard medicine cup
usually plastic and has a capacity of 30 mL
calibrated droppers
used for measuring and administering small volumes of liquid medications
oral syringe
used to measure and administer oral liquids to ensure accurate and safe dosages
subcut
injection into the subcutaneous tissue, below the skin
ampule
sealed glass container that contains a typical single dose of medication
vial
plastic/glass container that has rubber stopper or diaphragm on the top
mix-o-vial
has two compartments separated by a rubber stopper
cartridge
pre-filled glass/plastic container clearly marked, indicating the amount of medication
pre-filled syringe
medication comes prepared for administration in a syringe with or without a needle attached
syringes
barrel- outer calibrated portion that holds medication
plunger- inner device that is moved backward to withdraw and measure medication
tip- end of the syringe that golds the needle
solute
powdered medication or liquid concentrate to be dissolved or diluted
solvent (diluent)
a liquid that is added to the powder or liquid concentrate
solution
the liquid that results when the solvent dissolves the solute
preparing a prescribed solution
desired solution strength x amount of desired solution = solute
flow rate formula
x mL/hr = amount of solution(mL)/ time in hours
macrodrop tubing
standard type of tubing used for general IV administration
microdrop tubing
delivers tiny drops
IV flow rate drops per minute formula
x gtt/min = amount of solution (mL) x drop factor/ time (min)
drops per minute large volume formula
x mL/hr = amount of solution(mL) / time (hr)
IV flow rate shortcut method
x gtt/min= (mL/her)/gtt factor constant
Infusion time formula
total infusion time= total number of mL to infuse/ (mL/hr infusion rate)
Microdrop
60gtt/mL
