med. lab Flashcards
how to perform a proper venipuncture
first check the form and supplies
greet pt, check for proper ID
explain procedure, ensure proper precautions have been met
place pt in venipuncture chair or laying down on bed
wash hands, wear gloves
prepare vacuntainer with needle, and first test tube without introduction
ask pt for preferred arm, position it downward
apply tourniquet midway between arm and elbow
tight to see veins but not prevent bloodflow
arteries are pulsing, do not hit artery
vein is small tube feeling with some elasticity
locate, then clean area with antiseptic wipe
after ensuring bevel is facing up,
insert 1/4 to 1/2 an inch and at a 15 degree angle while anchoring with the other arm
change tubes as needed for collection,
do not leave tourniquet on longer than a minute if possible
invert tubes as needed
before last tube begins to fill release tourniquet and finish last tube
then twist the tube out
and set gauze above site
remove the needle then apply pressure with gauze with arm slightly elevated and straight for few minutes to prevent hemotoma
apply bandaid
and say thank you
dispose of all garbage disinfect area and label test tubes with pt name and dob
instruct pt about aftercare and then document the procedure and collection
MCH formula
hemoglobin/ RBC X 10
MCV formula
hematocrit/ RBC X 10
MCVC formula
Hemoglobin/ hematocrit X 100
MCH normal values
o Mean cell hemoglobin
o Is the weight of hemoglobin in the average RBC
Male: 14-18 g/dL
Female: 12-16 g/dL
MCH high value means?
o Dehydration, COPD, high altitudes, polycythemia vera o Hemoconcentration (evidenced by decreased pulse pressure, tachycardia, thirst, and weakness), or a polychythemia overtransfusion (with symptoms of extremity pain or redness, facial flushing, and irritability
MCH low values?
o Fluid volume excess, hematologic cancers, hemolytic disorders, blood loss, anemia
• Less than 5 may mean:
o Hemodilution
o Blood loss (hemorrhagic shock)
MCV normal values
Normal values are : Adult Male: 45-52 Adult Female: 37-48%
MCV critical values
• Critical levels are: less than 15 or greater than 60%
o It is increased in dehydration in increased production of RBC’s
o It is decreased in anemia, when RBC production is impaired or there is increased destruction of RBC’s, in chronic disease, blood loss, and fluid volume excess
where does glucose come from?
from the gut, and liver
where does glucagon come from pancreas
Glucagon has a major role in maintaining normal concentrations of glucose in blood, and is often described as having the opposite effect of insulin. That is, glucagon has the effect of increasing blood glucose levels. it stimulates the breakdown of glycogen stored in the liver and activates gluconeogenesis(ex:amino acids converted to glucose).
Glucagon also have a minor effect of enhancing lipolysis of triglyceride in adipose tissue, which could be viewed as an addition means of conserving blood glucose by providing fatty acid fuel to most cells.
where does glycogen come from
primarily the liver, but also found in muscles
What is bilirubin
yellow breakdown product of normal heme catabolism. Heme is found in hemoglobin, a principal component of red blood cells. Bilirubin is excreted in bile and urine, and elevated levels may indicate certain diseases
When do you find iron increased?
People with hemochromatosis absorb up to 30 percent of iron. Over time, they absorb and retain between five to 20 times more iron than the body needs.
Because the body has no natural way to rid itself of the excess iron, it is stored in body tissues, specifically the liver, heart, and pancreas.
what is the lipid test for?
identify potentially dangerous amounts of blood fat and, therefore, a patient’s risk of developing a heart condition related to unhealthy arteries
HDL/LDL
What is PCO2
pCo2 (Partial Pressure of Carbon Diaoxide) is a blood gas test that checks for the amount of carbon dioxide gas that is in the blood. If the pCo2 gets too high blood will become acidic.
When are enzymes high in the heart?
heart muscle is injured in some way — say, from a heart attack or even heart surgery — the enzymes then leak out of damaged heart-muscle cells, and their levels in the bloodstream rise
