Med fam-Endocrino Flashcards
sx of hyperglycemia
polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, weight change, blurry vision, yeast infections
sx of diabetic ketoacidosis
fruity breath, anorexia, n/V, fatigue, abdominal pain, kaussmaul breathing, dehydration
hypoglycemia sx
hunger, anxiety, tremors, palpitations, sweating, headache, fatigue, confusion, seizures, coma
long term cx of DM
microvascular: nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy
macrovascular: CAD, CVD, PVD
up to __% of canadians have DM
10
Risk factors of DM1
personal or fam hx of autoimmune disease
risk factors of DM2
fist degree relative with DM2
age more than 40
obesity, HTN, DLPD, CAD, vascular disease
prior GDM, macrosomic baby
SOPK
hx or IGT or IFG (prédb)
cx associated with DM
presence of associated diseases; SOPK, HIV, psychiatric disorders, acanthosis nigricans
Rx: glucocorticoids, atypical antipsychotics, HAART
high risk population for DM
aboriginal, hispanic, asian, african
Who should we sreen for DM2
FBG in more than 40 years old q 3 y or is high risk with CANRISK
more frequent/earlier if 1 or more risk factors
all pregnant women between 24-28 w gestation
DM treatment goals
A1C: less than 7% BP 130/80 Cholesterol: LDL-C < 2 Drugs: ACEI/ARB, statin, ASA Exercise/eating Smoking
how to calculate total insulin required
DM1: 0.5-0.7 units/ kg/ d
DM2: 0.3 units/ kg/d
investigations for DM
FBG, HbA1C. fasting lipids, Cr, microalbumin, creat ratio, baseline ECG, repeat testing q 2 y if high risk
how to do follow up on DM (investigation)
HbA1c q3m FBG as needed
annual random ACR (albumine/creat) and DFGe, fasting lipid profile
when to do ophtalmology consult in pts with DM
DM1 within 5 years
DM2 at dx
T or F: al DM should see a dietician for nutrition counselling, as it can reduce HbA1c by 1-2%
T
