Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Peds > Med Ed Videos > Flashcards

Med Ed Videos Flashcards

1
Q

Transient tachypnea of newborn

A

self-limiting
seen after c-section in healthy babies

-DX: CXR –> hyperexpanded lungs, wet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pathophys, DX of IVH, and TX

A

vascular lining of ventricles bleed –> bleeding and increased ICP

cranial dopplers
TX - decrease ICP (VP shunts, drains)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

NEC

A

dead gut –> bloody bowel movement

DX: XR –> air in wall of bowel

TX: NPO + abx (can use TPN for feeding)
–> surgery (f/u short gut)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of failure to pass meconium

A

1) imperforate anus
2) meconium ileus
3) Hirschbrungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Imperforate anus

A

associated with VACTERL

DX: crosstable XR + f/u on VACTERL abnormalities with U/S sacrum, echo, catheter

TX: mild –> fix now, severe –> colostomy now, fix later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Meconium ileus

A

CF –> decreased H2O in bowel lumen
DX: XR –> transition point with gas filled plug
TX: Water enema
f/u sweat chloride test + ADEK, pancreatic enzymes + pulm tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Enterobius verbicularis (pinworm)

A

perianal pruritis, especially at night
-vulvovaginal sx may be presenting sx in prepubertal girls

DX: tape test
TX: albendazole or pyrantel pamoate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Complete AV septal defect (CAVSD)

A

most common congenital heart defect in patients with down sydome

–> failure of endocardial cushions to merge –> ASD + VSD

SX: diaphoresis/dyspnea with feeds

  • loud S2 due to pulmonary HTN
  • systolic ejection murmur (increased flow across pulm valve from ASD)
  • holosystolic murmur of VSD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Etiologies of pediatric stroke

A
  • sickle cell disease ** Most common
  • prehtrombotic disorders
  • congenital cardiac disease
  • bacterial meningitis
  • Vasculitis
  • Focal cerebral arteriopathy
  • Head/neck trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diamond-Blackfan Syndrome (DBS)

A

aka congenital hypoplastic anemia

  • MACROcytic anemia, low retic count (NO hypersegmented neutrophils like you would see in B12)
  • congenital anomalies

-defect of erythroid progenitor cells which results in increased apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

A

X linked disorder characterized by eczema, thrombocytopenia, and hypogammaglobulinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fanconi’s anemia

A

AR defect in DNA chromosomal break repair

1) Aplastic anemia + progressive BM failure
2) Short stature, microcephaly, abnormal thumbs, hypogonadism
3) hypopigmented / hyperpigmented areas + cafe au lait spots and large freckles
4) strabismus, low set ears, middle ear problems (Deafness)
5) predisposition to developing cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Choanal atresia

A

suspected with newborn cyanosis aggravated by feeding, relieved by crying

*congenital nasal malformation caused by failure of nasal passage to cannalize

CHARGE syndrome - Coloboma, Heart Defects, Atresia choanae, Retardation of growth/development, GU anomalies, Ear abnormalities (deafness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nephrotic syndromes (4)

A

1) Minimal change disease (peds)

2) FSGS
3) Membranous nephropathy
4) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nephritic syndrome

A

1) Post strep glomerulonephritis (peds)
2) Hemolytic uremic syndrome (peds)

3) IgA nephropathy
4) Mebranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
5) crescentic glomerulonephritis

TX: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hirschbrung’s

DX?
SX?
TX?

A

failure of migration of inhibitory neurons –> auerbach/meissner’s plexus of DISTAL colon

DX:
-XR (normal colon distended)
-bx –> no plexus
-contrast enema or anometral manometry also works
SX: failure to pass meconium in 48hrs w/explosive stool on DRE

TX: surgical resection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Voluntary holding

A

pain, embarrassment causes kid to hold in stool
-voluntary holding –> overflow incontinence

DX: clinical
TX: behavioral, stool softeners, disimpaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Causes of bilious emesis (4)

A

1) Malrotation
2) Duodenal atresia
3) Annular pancreas
4) Intestinal atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Causes of non-bilious emesis (2)

A

1) tracheoesophageal fistula

2) pyloric stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Malrotation

A

failure of rotation with an otherwise normal uterine course (no polyhydramnios, no DS)

DX: XR (UGI series) –> DOUBLE BUBBLE, nml gas pattern beyond

TX: NG tube –> decompress bowel, and then surgery

f/u: volvulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Duodenal atresia

A

failure of duodenum to recanalize

associated with DS

DX: XR with DOUBLE BUBBLE + NO gas distally

TX: surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Annular pancreas

A

failure of apoptosis of pancreas
associated with DS

DX: XR with DOUBLE BUBBLE + no gas distally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Intestinal atresia

A

vascular accidents in utero
DX: XR with double bubble and multiple air fluid levels
TX: surgery
f/u: short gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Tracheoesophageal fistula

A

blind pouch +/- fistula

Day 1 presents with nonbiliary emesis

DX: NG tube coild on XR
TX: parenteral nutrition and surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Pyloric stenosis
hypertrophy of pyloris --> gastric outlet obstruction presents in males around 2-8wks SX: - PROJECTILE, nonbilious vomit - olive like mass - visible peristaltic waves DX: US --> "donut sign" TX: pyloromyotomy f/u: metabolic abnormalities: hypochloremic, hypokalemic, metabolic acidosis 2/2 vomiting *give fluids before surgery
26
Direct bilirubin (conjugated)
charged, water soluble excreted/trapped in urine --> DARK URINE CANNOT cross BBB or cell membranes, and thus CANNOT get kernicterus
27
Indirect bilirubin (unconjugated)
fat soluble NOT excreted in urine --> no dark urine crosses BBB --> KERNICTERUS
28
Name the cause of the hyperbili: 1) + coombs 2) - coombs, low hgb 3) - coombs, high hgb 4) - coombs, nml hgb, increased retic count 5) - coombs, nml hgb, nml retic
1) + coombs = isoimmunization 2) - coombs, low hgb = hemorrhage (cephalohematoma) 3) - coombs, high hgb = transfusion (twin-twin, delayed clamping, maternal) 4) - coombs, nml hgb, increased retic count = hemolysis (G6PD, pyruvate kinase deficiency, HgbSS) 5) - coombs, nml hgb, nml retic = problem with reabsorption (breast milk jaundice vs. breast feeding jaundice)
29
breast milk jaundice
can present many months later - breast milk component inhibits conjugation of bilirubin - -> use hydrolyzed formula
30
breast feeding jaundice
presents in first day of life -also have sx of dehydration problem with quantity of breast milk --> decreased bowel function and increased absorption of bili
31
Causes of unconjugated hyper bili
hemolysis or hemorrhage
32
causes of mixed hyper bili
Crigler Najar, Gilberts --> problem with uptake Dubin Johnson, Rotors --> problem with excretion Hepatitis
33
causes of conjugated hyper bili
biliary atresia sepsis metabolic
34
Diaphragmatic hernia
hole in the diaphragm --> bowel in chest, lung hypoplastic SX: - scaphoid abdomen - bowel sounds in chest - on L>R side and post>lat DX: XR TX: surgical + steroids for lung development
35
Gastroschisis/omphaloscele
``` gastroschisis = uncovered, to R of midline omphalocele = covered, midline ```
36
extrophy of bladder (appearance?)
midline defect, shiny, red, wet w/urine
37
biliary atresia
worsening jaundice @7-14 days -DIRECT hyperbili DX: US --> no ducts HIDA after 5-7 days of phenobarbital TX: surgery
38
common causes of failure to thrive
failure to thrive = loss of weight --> loss of height --> then HC 1) genetic dz 2) heart dz 3) pyloric stenosis 4) GERD 5) CF
39
``` Developmental milestones: 2 months 4 months 6 months 1 yr ```
2 months - lift head, social smile, noise 4 months - roll over, ----, noise 6 months - sit up, stranger anxiety, noise 1 yr - walk, separation anxiety, 1 word
40
``` Developmental milestones: 2 yrs 3 yrs 4 yrs 5 yrs ```
2 yrs - steps, 2 words 3 yrs - tricycle, 3 words, circle 4 yrs - hop, 4 words, cross 5 yrs - skip, 5 words, triangle
41
Epidural hematoma
LENS LUCID interval middle meningeal artery + LOC "walk, talk, die" sports, skiing
42
Subdural hematoma
+ LOC, CESCENT shaped | ped vs. car, MVA, abuse
43
Severity of concussion: Mild Severe
Mild - no FND, <60 sec LOC, no HA or improving, no amnesia --> NO TX, go home Severe - + FND, > 60 sec LOC, + HA or worsening, + retrograde/anterograde amnesia --> CT SCAN, even if negative, admit for obsurvation
44
Parkland burn formula
%BSA x4 x kg body weight = total fluids in first 24 hrs give 50% in first 8 hrs, and 50% in next 16 hrs
45
Erythema infectiousum SX F/u? TX?
Parvovirus B19 "slapped cheek" Fever + rash at SAME time (on cheeks( TX supportive f/u: aplastic crisis (sickle cell) hydrops fetalis
46
Measles SX F/u? TX?
parvomixovirus prodrome (cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplick spots (white dots in mouth)) --> Fever + Rash BEGIN ON FACE --> trunk/arms, spares hands and soles TX: supportive ppx: MMR vaccine f/u: subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
47
Rubella
German measles rash starts on FACE --> trunk/extremities +Fever and rash PRODROME = generalized tender lymphadenopathy TX: supportive
48
Roseola
HHV-6 Prodrome: very high spiking fever (104) --> THEN RASH rash starts on TRUNK --> expands out f/u febrile seizures
49
Varicella-Zoster
rash w/o fever diffuse rash, vessicles on erythematous base in different stages of healing f/u shingles
50
mumps
pubertal males parotid swelling, orchitis f/u infertility
51
hand-foot-mouth disease
cocksackie A looks like varicella, but on hands, feet, and mouth
52
TX of meningitis
if < 30d --> vanc + cefotaxime + ampicillin +/- steroids > 30d --> vanc + CTX +/- steroids
53
Tx for scabies and lice
permethrin
54
causes of acute otitis media
strep pneumo, moraxella, h. flu
55
SX, DX, TX of AOM
pain relieved by pulling inner ear NO light reflex Erythematous, fluid, pnuematic insufflation --> NO TM movement TX: amoxicillin vs. augmentin (amox/clav) for a recurrence IF >3x/6months or 4x/12 months, then consider tympanoplasty IF penicillin allergic use cefdinir or azithro
56
Otitis externa
swimmers ear, digital trauma --> staph unilateral ear pain, worse w/ear pulling TX: abx (cipro) drops +/- steroid drops
57
Mastoiditis
increased risk with otitis media and externa or tympanoplasty swelling behind ear + ear rotated forward tX: surgical
58
Sinusitis
URI bugs (strep) SX: BL purulent discharge --> f/u foreign body if recurrent DX: no imaging - f/u ct scan if recurrent TX: supportive vs. amox-clav
59
Centaur criteria
``` NO cough +1 exudates +1 nodes +1 temp > 38 +1 < 14 yrs +1, >44 -1 ``` IF < 1 , do nothing IF 2-3, test for strep IF > 4, TX w/abx
60
Laryngotracheobronchitis
croup parainfluenza usually in 3 month-3yrs of age VIRAL PRODROME + barking "seal like" cough + stridor DX: XR --> steeple sign (subglottinc narrowing) Racemic epi --> improves TX: mild --> mist mod --> racemic epi + steroids + O2 severe --> admit
61
Howell-Jolly bodies
nuclear remnants of RBCs that are removed by a functional spleen if asplenic or functionally asplenic (sickle cell)
62
Bacterial Tracheitis
caused by staph aureus sx: croup that does not improve --> + fever, increased WBC (toxic appearing) - does NOT improve with racemic epi TX: IV ABX
63
Epiglotitis bug? sx? dx? tx?
path: H. Flu sx: -3-7yr old, SAS, rapid onset, high spiking fever, drooling, tripod +muffled voice + accessory muscle us DX: - thumbprint sign on XR - cherry red epiglottis TX: -secure airway in OR
64
Retropharyngeal abscess bug? sx? dx? tx?
path: oral flora sx: SAS, rapid onset, high fever, drooling, neck extended, stiffness, muffled voice DX: - anterior chain, tender lymphandenopathy - tender mass (abscess) - CT scan TX: I+D and IV abx
65
Peritonsilar abscess bug? sx? tx?
path: oral flora sx: >10yrs, muffled voice, drooling, sore throat * *UVULA DEVIATED** TX: drain + abx
66
Foreign body airway obstruction
sx: < 3yo left unattended w/sudden onset SOB DX: - extrathoracic = INSPIRATORY stridor - Intrathoracic = EXPIRATORY wheeze - XR --> coin sign TX: abx - rigid bronch if in lungs - endoscope if in GI - laryngoscope if ENT
67
What is the coin sign?
coin sign - > nml AP, seen on lateral = object in TRACHEA - -> seen on AP --> NOT in trachea
68
Intussusception SX
ABRUPT COLICKY abd pain - knee-chest relief - CURRANT-JELLY stool/diarrhea - sausage shaped pass in RUQ - age 3 months - 3yrs
69
Intussusception DX/TX
DX: - US - XR KUB --> r/o perforation/obstruction - AIR ENEMA = dx and tx TX: - air enema - surgery if peritonitits, perf, failure of air enema
70
VSD
common in DS -often dx <1yr, asx murmur with severe cases can have FTT or CHF DX: echo TX: asx --> wait 1 yr, CHF --> repair
71
in what settings can you get congenital cataracts?
1) TORCHES infections | 2) galactoremia - develop quickly after birth
72
Posterior urethral valves
SX: can't get urine out of bladder due to redundant tissue --> hydronephrosis, oligohydramnios, decreased or no UOP, distended bladder TX: catheter + surgery
73
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
no Ig's mostly boys decreased B cells sinopulmonray infections at 6 months old DX: quant Igs (shows none) and flow cytometroy shows no B cells due to mutation in BTK gene TX: schedule IgG transfusions
74
CVID
onsent in teens, mild XLA nml CBC with decreased in quantitative Igs (2/3 of Igs lower)
75
IgA deficiency
decreaed IgA --> decreased mucosal immunity sinopulmonary infections GI bugs anaphylaxis with transfusions
76
Wiscott Aldrich
atopic dermatitis, eczema decreased platelets DX: low WBC, low plts, increased IgM and IgG
77
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)
WBC can't get out of vessels pt has increased fever, increased WBCs WITHOUT PUS delayed cord seperation TX: BMT
78
SCID
no immune defense, no B or T cells adenosine deaminase deficiency bubble babies, BM transplant
79
Chediak Higashi
giant granules in neutrophils associated with albinism, neuopathy, neutropenia
80
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
no respiratory burst so neutrophils can't kill gram + organisms --> staph abscesses DX: nitro blue, increased WBCs, increased IgM and IgG

Peds (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions