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Basic Skills Lab > Med Competency > Flashcards

Med Competency Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Oral

Indications: Mild Pain

Contraindications: previous hypersensitivity, severe hepatic impairment, acute liver disease

Side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, anxiety

Adverse reaction: hepatotoxicity, renal failure, cardiac damage, toxic epidermal necrosis, rash

Nursing considerations: beware when calculating total daily dose since many OTC contain acetaminophen & reduce total daily dose

Patient Teaching: take drug exactly as directed & don’t exceed recommended amount & call doctor if fever lasts for more than 3 days

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2
Q

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID

ASA

A

Oral

Indications:
Mild pain, Fever, Inflammatory disorders, prophylaxis for heart attack

Contraindications:
hypersensitivity to aspirin, cross-sensitivity with other
NSAIDs, bleeding disorders

Side Effects: nausea
• vomiting
• dyspepsia (indigestion)
• epigastric distress
• abdominal pain

Adverse Reactions: GI Bleeding, anaphylaxis, tinnitus

Nursing Consideration:
For inflammatory conditions, give scheduled doses.
• monitor patient for hypersensitivity reactions
• Monitor salicylate level; severe toxic effects levels >400mcg/mL

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3
Q

IBUPROFEN

A

Indications:
pain, inflammation, reduce fever

Contraindications:
hypersensitivity, active GI bleeding or ulcer
disease, severe HF

Side Effects:
nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal discomfort

Adverse Reactions:
HF, MI, stroke, GI bleeding

Nursing Considerations;
assess pain before and 1-2 hr after administering, assess for S/S GI bleeding, assess for skin rashes

Patient Teachings:
Take drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount.
• May cause drowsiness; avoid driving
• avoid drinking alcohol

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4
Q

OXYCODONE

A

Indications: Moderate to severe pain

Contraindications:
hypersensitivity
respiratory depression
acute or severe bronchial asthma

Side Effects: nausea
• vomiting• constipation • confusion
• sedation

Adverse Reactions: • respiratory depression
• orthostatic hypotension • blurred vision

Nursing Considerations:
• Assess BP, pulse, & RR before and periodically during administration
• assess risk for opioid addiction , abuse, or misuse before administration.

Patient Teachings:
• Instruct patient on how & when to ask for and take pain meds.
• advise patient that this drug is know to abuse potential, protect from theft.
• May cause drowsiness; avoid driving

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5
Q

FENTANYL PATCH

A

Topical

Indication: Moderrate to severe chronic pain

Contraindications:

  • Hypersensitivity,
  • acute, mild, intermittent, or pop-up pain,
  • respiratory depression
  • acute or severe bronchial asthma
Side Effects:
nausea
• vomiting
• constipation 
• confusion
• sedation
Adverse Effects:
• apnea
• respiratory depression
• bradycardia
• hypotension
• adrenal insufficiency

Nursing Consideration :
• assess BP, pulse, RR before and periodically during administration.
• assess risk for opioid addictions use, or misuse prior to administration.
• assess bowel function routinely

Patient Teachings:
• instruct how and when to ask for and take pain medication.
• instruct correct method for application and disposal of patch.
• avoid grapefruit juice

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6
Q

LIDOCAINE PATCH

A

Topical

Indications:
• pain due to post-op neuralgia

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity
• third-degree heart block
• Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome

Side Effects:
• nausea
• vomiting
• confusion
• drowsiness

Adverse Effects:
• seizure
• cardiac arrest

Nursing Consideration:
• monitor ECG continuously. BP & Respiratory status frequently during administration
• monitor for pain intensity periodically during therapy

Patient Teaching:
• May cause drowsiness; avoid driving
• explain purpose of lidocaine to patient
• avoid contact with water since patch may not stick

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7
Q

AMLODIPINE

A

Oral

Indication:
• hypertension
• angina pectoris
• vasospastic angina

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity
• systolic BP <90mmHg

Side Effects:
• nausea
• dizziness 
• fatigue
• flushing

Adverse Reactions
• peripheral edema • angina
• bradycardia
• hypotension

Nursing Considerations:
• monitor BP & pulse before therapy and periodically during therapy
• monitor intake & output ratios and daily weight
• monitor signs for heart
failure

Patient Teachings:
• Take drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount.
• teach patient how to monitor pulse.
• Contact healthcare professional if HR <50bpm.
• May cause drowsiness; avoid driving

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8
Q

HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE

A

Oral

Indications:
• mild to moderate hypertension
• edema (heart failure, renal dysfunction)

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity
• intolerance to tartrazine • anuria
Side Effects:

Side Effects:
• nausea
• vomiting
• dizziness
• drowsiness

Adverse Reactions:
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome (skin disorder)
• hypotension
• pancreatitis

Nursing Considerations:
• monitor BP, intake/output, daily weight
• assess for skin rash frequently during therapy

Patient Teachings:
• Take medication at the same time each day
• motor weight biweekly; call doctor if significant changes
• change positions slowly to minimize orthostatic hypotension

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9
Q

LISINOPRIL

A

Oral

Indications:
• hypertension
• heart failure

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity
• history of angioedema with
previous use of ACE inhibitors

Side Effects:
• nausea • vomiting
• diarrhea • cough

Adverse Reactions:
• hypotension
• impaired renal function

Nursing Considerations:
• monitor BP & pulse periodically throughout therapy.
• assess patient for signs of angioedema

Patient Teachings:
• Take medication at the same time each day even if felling well.
• call doctor if rash, sore throat, fever occur
• change positions slowly to reduce orthostatic hypotension

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10
Q

LOSARTAN

A

Oral

Indications:
• hypertension

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity
• bilateral renal artery
stenosis

Side Effects:
• nausea • diarrhea
• dizziness • fatigue

Adverse Reactions:
• chest pain
• angioedema
• hypotension
• hypoglycemia

Nursing Considerations:
• assess patient for signs of angioedema
• assess BP & pulse throughout therapy

Patient Teachings:
• call healthcare professional immediately if swelling of faces eyes, lips occur
• May cause drowsiness; avoid driving
• change positions slowly to reduce orthostatic hypotension

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11
Q

METOPROLOL

A

ORAL

Indications:
• hypertension
• angina pectoralis (small
chest pain)

Contraindications:
• HF
• Pulmonary edema
• bradycardia

Side Effects:
• nausea
• vomiting
• diarrhea
• fatigue

Adverse Reactions:
• HF
• Pulmonary edema
• bradycardia

Nursing Considerations:
• monitor BP, ECG & pulse
throughout therapy
• monitor intake/output &
daily weight
Patient Teachings:
• call healthcare professional
if slow pulse, difficult
breathing, wheezing,
dizziness occurs
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12
Q

TIMOLOL

A

EYE DROP

Indications:
• hypertension
• prevention of MI
• prevent migraine
headaches
Contraindications:
• Uncompensated HF
• pulmonary edema
• cardiogenic shock
• bradycardia or heart attack
Side Effects:
• nausea
• constipation
• fatigue
• weakness
• ED
Adverse Reactions:
• Arrhythmias
• bradycardia
• HF
• pulmonary edema
• anaphylaxis
Nursing Considerations:
• monitor intake/output
ratios & daily weight.
• assess patient routinely for
evidence of fluid overload

Patient Teachings:

• Call healthcare
professional immediately if
slow pulse, difficulty
breathing, wheezing.
• May cause drowsiness; avoid driving
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13
Q

DEXTROMETHORPHAN

A

ORAL

Indications:
• coughs caused by upper
respiratory tract infections
• chronic nonproductive
coughs
Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity
• chronic productive coughs
• taking MAO inhibitors or
SSRIs

Side Effects:
• nausea
• vomiting

Adverse Reactions:
• stomach pain
• sedation

Nursing Considerations:
• monitor cough type and
frequency

Patient Teachings:
• Take drug exactly as
directed and don’t exceed
recommended amount.
• instruct patient to cough
effectively
• avoid drinking alcohol
• call doctor if cough lasts
>1week
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14
Q

GUAIFENESIN

A

ORAL

Indications:
• coughs caused by upper
respiratory tract infections

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity
• intolerance to alcohol

Side Effects:
• nausea
• vomiting
• diarrhea

Adverse Reactions:
• urticaria
• stomach pain

Nursing Considerations:
monitor cough type &
frequency

Patient Teachings:
• instruct to cough
effectively.
• May cause drowsiness;
avoid driving
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15
Q

METFORMIN

A

ORAL

Indications:
• type 2 diabetes

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity
• diabetic ketoacidosis
• severe renal impairment

Side Effects:
• nausea
• vomiting
• diarrhea
• bloating

Adverse Reactions:
• lactic acidosis

Nursing Considerations:
• observe S/S of
hypoglycemic reactions
• patients with severe renal
impairment are >risk for
lactic acidosis
Patient Teachings:
• Take medication at the
same time each day
• drug helps control
hyperglycemia and is
usually long term therapy
• follow prescribed diet and
exercise
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16
Q

INSULIN

A

SUBCATANEOUS

Indications:
• diabetes

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity
• hypoglycemia

Side Effects:
• swelling
• pruritus (itching)

Adverse Reactions:
• hypoglycemia
• hypersensitivity reactions

Nursing Considerations:
• assess periodically for
symptoms of
hypoglycemia and
hyperglycemia
• monitor body weight
periodically
Patient Teachings:
• instruct on proper
technique of administration
• explain that this medication
controls hyperglycemia
and is long term therapy
• emphasize the importance
of compliance with
nutritional guidelines and
regular exercise as directed
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17
Q

DIPHENHYDRAMINE

A

ORAL

Indications:
• relief of allergic symptoms
• mild nighttime sedation
• prevents motion sickness

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity
• acute asthma attacks
• known alcohol intolerance

Side Effects:
• nausea
• drowsiness
• dizziness

Adverse Reactions:
• tinnitus
• blurred vision
• hypotension
• dysuria
Nursing Considerations:
• this drug has multiple uses.
determine why it was
ordered and assess
symptoms
• for anaphylaxis: assess
urticaria and patient airway
• for insomnia: assess sleep
patterns
• for motion sickness:
assess nausea, vomiting,
bowel sounds
Patient Teachings:
• Take drug exactly as
directed and don’t exceed
recommended amount.
• May cause drowsiness;
avoid driving
• May cause dry mouth;
frequent oral rinses
• teach sleep hygiene
techniques (dark-quiet
room, limit daytime naps)
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18
Q

LORATADINE

A

ORAL

Indications:
• seasonal allergies
• hives

Contraindications:
hypersensitivity

Side Effects:
• drowsiness
• confusion
• dry mouth

Adverse Reactions:
• blurred vision
• GI upset

Nursing Considerations:
• assess allergy symptoms
• assess lung sounds &
bronchial secretions

Patient Teachings:
• Take drug exactly as
directed.
• May cause drowsiness;
avoid driving
• avoid drinking alcohol
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19
Q

PREDNISONE

A

ORAL

Indications:
• inflammation
•immunosuppression
• endocrine disorder

Contraindications:
• active untreated infections

Side Effects:
• nausea
• vomiting
• acne
• depression

Adverse Reactions:
• peptic ulceration
• thromboembolism
• hypertension

Nursing Considerations:
• assess for signs of adrenal
insufficiency before and
periodically during therapy
• monitor intake/output
ratios & daily weights
• observe for peripheral
edema
Patient Teachings:
• Take medication as
directed
• Do not stop taking
suddenly or adrenal
insufficiency may occur
• contact healthcare
professional if severe
abdominal pain or tarry
stools occur
20
Q

ENOXAPARIN

A

SUBCUTANEOUS

Indications:
• prevention of venous
thromboembolism (VTE),
DVT, and PE

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity

Side Effects:
• nausea
• vomiting
• dizziness
• headache
Adverse Reactions:
• bleeding
• anemia
• alopecia
• edema
Nursing Considerations:
• assess for signs of
bleeding & hemorrhage
• assess patient for evidence
of additional or increase
thrombosis
• monitory patients
hypersensitivity reaction
Patient Teachings:
• instruct patient correct
technique for self-injection,
care, and disposal
• advise patient to report any
symptoms of unusual
bleeding or bruising,
dizziness, itching, rash
• advise patient not to take
aspirin, naproxen, or
ibuprofen without talking to
doctor
21
Q

HEPARIN

A

SUBCUTANEOUS

Indications:
• thromboembolic disorders
(venous thromboembolism,
pulmonary emboli, Afib,
etc)
Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity
• uncontrolled bleeding
• Hx heparin-induced
thrombocytopenia
• open wounds
Side Effects:
• fever
• anemia
• rash
• pain at injection site
Adverse Reactions:
• bleeding
• heparin-induced
thrombocytopenia (HIT)
• alopecia
• osteoporosis
Nursing Considerations:
• assess for signs of
bleeding & hemorrhage
• monitory for
hypersensitivity reactions
• asess patient for additional
or increased thrombosis
Patient Teachings:
• advise patient to report any
symptoms of unusual
bleeding or bruising
immediately
• instruct patient not ro take
medications containing
aspirin or NSAIDs while on
therapy
• caution patient to avoid IM
injections and activities
leading to injury.
• Use soft toothbrush &
electric razor during
therapy
22
Q

BACITRACIN

A

TOPICAL

Indications:
• localized infections due to
susceptible organisms

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity
• renal impairment

Side Effects:
• nausea
• vomiting
• rash
• pain at injection site

Adverse Reactions:
• pseudomembradnous
colitis
• renal failure

Nursing Considerations:
• assess lesions prior to and
periodically during therapy

Patient Teachings:
• Take drug exactly as
directed.
• caution to notify healthcare
professional if fever and
diarrhea occur, especially if
it contains blood, pus,
mucus.
23
Q

CEFTRIAXONE

A

IV

Indications:
• infections

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity

Side Effects:
• diarrhea
• rash

Adverse Reactions:
• seizures
• C. Diff associated diarrhea
• anaphylaxis

Nursing Considerations:
• assess for infection at
beginning & throughout
therapy
• obtain specimen for
culture& sensitivity before
therapy
Patient Teachings:
• report signs of
superinfection and allergy
• notify health care
professional if fever and
diarrhea develop especially
if diarrhea contains blood,
mucus, or pus.
24
Q

CIPROFLOXACIN

A

IV

Indications:
• infections

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity
• Hx myasthenia gravis
(muscle weakness)

Side Effects:
• nausea
• diarrhea
• rash

Adverse Reactions:
• seizures
• C. Diff associated diarrhea
• anaphylaxis
• suicidal thoughts
Nursing Considerations:
• assess for infection at
beginning & throughout
therapy
• obtain specimen for
culture& sensitivity before
therapy
Patient Teachings:
• take medication as
directed, finish therapy
even if feeling better
• notify health care
professional if fever and
diarrhea develop especially
if diarrhea contains blood,
mucus, or pus.
25
Q

DOXYCYCLINE

A

IV

Indications:
• infections

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity

Side Effects:
• nausea
• vomiting
• diarrhea
• rash

Adverse Reactions:
• C. Diff associated diarrhea
• pancreatitis
• hepatotoxicity

Nursing Considerations:
• assess for infection at
beginning & throughout
therapy
• obtain specimen for culture
& sensitivity before therapy
• monitor bowel function
• assess for rash periodically during therapy
Patient Teachings:
• take medication as
directed, finish therapy
even if feeling better
• notify health care
professional if fever and
diarrhea develop especially
if diarrhea contains blood,
mucus, or pus.
26
Q

PIPERACILLIN/TAZOBACTAM

A

IV

Indications:
• infections

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity

Side Effects:
• nausea
• vomiting
• diarrhea
• rash

Adverse Reactions:
• seizures
• C. Diff associated diarrhea
• anaphylaxis

Nursing Considerations:
• assess for infection at
beginning & throughout
therapy
• obtain specimen for culture
& sensitivity before therapy
• monitor bowel function
• assess for rash periodically
during therapy
Patient Teachings:
• report signs of
superinfection and allergy
• notify health care
professional if fever and
diarrhea develop especially
if diarrhea contains blood,
mucus, or pus.
27
Q

VANCOMYCIN

A

IV

Indications:
• infections

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity

Side Effects:
• nausea
• vomiting
• rash

Adverse Reactions:
• hypotension
• anaphylaxis
• nephrotoxicity

Nursing Considerations:
• assess for infection at
beginning & throughout
therapy
• obtain specimen for culture
& sensitivity before therapy
• Monitor BP throughout IV
infusion
Patient Teachings:
• report signs of
hypersensitivity, tinnitus,
vertigo, or hearing loss
• notify health care
professional if no
improvement is seen in a
few days
28
Q

ALBUTEROL

A

INHALER

Indications:
• asthma & COPD
• prevention of exerciseinduced
bronchospasm

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity

Side Effects:
• nausea
• vomiting
• nervousness
• restlessness
• tremor
Adverse Reactions:
• paradoxical bronchospasm
(wheezing)
• chest pain
• palpitations
• angina
• arrhythmias
Nursing Considerations:
• observe for (wheezing),
withhold and notify
healthcare professional
immediately if it occurs
• assess lung sounds, pulse,
BP before and during peak
of medications
• monitor pulmonary
function tests before initial
therapy & periodically
during therapy
Patient Teachings:
• Take drug exactly as
directed and don’t exceed
recommended amount.
• Contact healthcare
professional immediately if
SOB is not relieved by
medication
• inform patient that it may
cause unusual or bad taste
• avoid smoking an other
respiratory irritants
29
Q

FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE

A

INHALER

Indications:
• chronic asthma

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity

Side Effects:
• nausea
• vomiting
• diarrhea
• headache
• dizziness
Adverse Reactions:
• conjunctivitis
• epistaxis (nosebleed)
• pharyngitis
• laryngitis
Nursing Considerations:
• observe patient carefully
for evidence of systemic
corticosteroid effects
• monitor patient, especially
post-op, during period of
stress or severe asthma
attack
Patient Teachings:
• Take drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed
recommended amount.
• Call doctor if medication
doesn’t improve asthma
episodes
• Advise patient to report all
adverse reactions
30
Q

IPRATROPIUM

A

INHALER

Indications:
• reversible airway
obstruction due to COPD &
asthma

Contraindications:
• hypersensitivity
• avoid during acute
broncospasm

Side Effects:
• nausea
• cough
• rash
• headache
• dizziness
Adverse Reactions:
• blurred vision
• hypotension
• palpitations
• epistaxis (nosebleed)
• allergic reactions

Nursing Considerations:
• assess respiratory status
before administering and
peak of medication.

Patient Teachings:
• Instruct patient of proper
use of inhaler and to take
as directed.
• advise parent to rinse
mouth after using inhaler
and have food oral hygiene
• caution patient not to
exceed 12 doses within
24hr.
31
Q

ALPRAZOLAM

A

ORAL

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Adverse Reactions:

Nursing Considerations:

Patient Teachings:

32
Q

ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM

A

ORAL

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Adverse Reactions:

Nursing Considerations:

Patient Teachings:

33
Q

DOCUSATE SODIUM

A

ORAL

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Adverse Reactions:

Nursing Considerations:

Patient Teachings:

34
Q

FAMOTIDINE

A

ORAL

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Adverse Reactions:

Nursing Considerations:

Patient Teachings:

35
Q

FERROUS SULFATE

A

ORAL

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Adverse Reactions:

Nursing Considerations:

Patient Teachings:

36
Q

FUROSEMIDE

A

ORAL
Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Adverse Reactions:

Nursing Considerations:

Patient Teachings:

37
Q

GABAPENTIN

A

ORAL

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Adverse Reactions:

Nursing Considerations:

Patient Teachings:

38
Q

LEVOTHYROXINE

A

ORAL

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Adverse Reactions:

Nursing Considerations:

Patient Teachings:

39
Q

ONDANSETRON

A

ORAL

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Adverse Reactions:

Nursing Considerations:

Patient Teachings:

40
Q

POTASSIUM CHLORIDE

A

ORAL

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Adverse Reactions:

Nursing Considerations:

Patient Teachings:

41
Q

NITROGLYCERIN PATCH

A

TOPICAL

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Adverse Reactions:

Nursing Considerations:

Patient Teachings:

42
Q

PANTOPRAZOLE

A

IV

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Adverse Reactions:

Nursing Considerations:

Patient Teachings:

43
Q

CYANOCOBALAMIN

A

IM

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Adverse Reactions:

Nursing Considerations:

Patient Teachings:

44
Q

LATANOPROST OPTHALMIC SOLUTION

A

EYE DROP

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Adverse Reactions:

Nursing Considerations:

Patient Teachings:

45
Q

HYDROCORTISONE CREAM

A

TOPICAL

Indications:

Contraindications:

Side Effects:

Adverse Reactions:

Nursing Considerations:

Patient Teachings:

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