med comp Flashcards
latanoprost ophthalmic solution (Xalatan)
eye drop - indication: increased IOP with ocular HTN or open-angle glaucoma
C: hypersensitivity & intraocular inflammation
SE: dry eye, itching, rash, lid discomfort
AE: angina, blurred vision, eye pain, back pain
NC: don’t give while the patient is wearing contacts, don’t exceed recommended amount
PT: inform patients of the risk of eye color changing in the treated eye, inform the patient that darkening or eyelid may occur, tell pt t remove contacts before instilling solution, and wait 15 mins before inserting them back
CYANOCOBALAMIN
IM - I: vitamin B12 deficiency & pernicious anemia
C: hypersensitivity
SE: diarrhea, headache, itching, swelling of the body
AE: anaphylaxis, HF, pulmonary edema, hypokalemia
NC: assess the patient for signs of vitamin B12 deficiency before and periodically during therapy
PT: foods high in B12 (meat, eggs, seafood), encourage patients to comply with the diet recommendation, emphasize the importance of follow-up exams and evaluate progress
PANTOPRAZOLE (protonix)
IV - I: Gerd
C: hypersensitivity
SE: diarrhea, headache, flatulence
AE: C.Diff, bone fractures, lupus erythmetosis
NC: assess routinely for epicanthic pain and abdominal pain
PT: take as directed, finish therapy even if feeling better, notify HCP if fever and diarrhea develops
NITROGLYCERIN PATCH
Topical - I: long-term prophylactic
management of angina pectoris
C: hypersensitivity, increase intracranial pressure, severe anemia
SE: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache
AE: hypotension, tachycardia, contact dermatitis
NC: assess location, duration,
intensity & precipitating factors of anginal pain, monitor BP & pulse before & after administering
PT: Take the drug exactly as directed, even if feeling better, change positions slowly to minimize orthostatic hypotension, avoid drinking alcohol, notify a healthcare professionals if dry mouth or blurred vision occurs
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
Oral - I: potassium depletion
C: hyperkalemia, severe renal impairment, untreated Addison’s disease
SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence
AE: arrhythmias, GI ulceration, paresthesia (pins & needles)
NC: Assess S/S of hypokalemia
PT: Take medication as the directed, correct method of administration, encourage compliance with recommended diet
ONDANSETRON (Zofran)
Oral - I: prevent nausea & vomiting associated with chemo or radiation
C: hypersensitivity, use with apomorphine
SE: diarrhea, constipation, headache, dizziness
AE: Serontonin syndrome, stevens-johnson syndrome
NC: monitor S/S for serotonin syndrome (mental status changes) assess for rash periodically
PT: Take medication as directed, call a healthcare professional immediately if you have irregular heartbeat, serotonin syndrome, involuntary eyes/face/limbs movement
LEVOTHYROXINE (synthroid)
Oral - I: thyroid supplement of hypothyroidism, euthyroid goiters
C: hypersensitivity, MI, hyperthyroidism
SE: vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, headache
AE: insomnia, tachycardia, arrhythmias, angina pectoris
NC: assess apical pulse & BP periodically throughout therapy, assess for tachyarrhythmias & chest pain, monitor thyroid function prior to and during therapy
PT: Take the medication at the same time each day, explain that this is a lifelong therapy
GABAPENTIN (Neurotonin)
Oral - I: partial seizures, postherpetic neuralgia
C: hypersensitivity
SE: dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, depression
AE: hypersensitivity reactions, suicidal thoughts
NC: monitor patients taking or starting AEDs for changes in behavior (depression, suicidal thoughts), If ordered to stop, gradually stop drug >1 week to minimize the risk of seizures.
PT: Take drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount, May cause drowsiness; avoid driving, call doctor if thoughts of suicide, depressions
anxiety occur
FUROSEMIDE (Lasix)
Oral - I: edema (heart failure, renal disease), hypertension
C: hypersensitivity, cross-sensitivity with thiazides & sulfonamides, hepatic coma
SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration
AE: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (skin disorder), agranulocytosis aplastic anemia (no RBC production)
NC: monitor vital signs with long-term use, stop if oliguria (low urine) occurs, monitor glucose levels in diabetic patients
PT: Take the drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount, change positions to reduce orthostatic hypotension, call doctor if gained >3lbs in 1 day
FERROUS SULFATE (Iron)
Oral - I: iron deficiency anemia
C: hypersensitivity, hemochromatosis (iron
overload), hemosiderosis (iron overload w/o tissue damage)
SE: nausea, vomiting, constipation, dark stools
AE: GI bleeding, syncope
NC: GI upset may be related to dose, monitor Hb level, hematocrit, & reticulocyte count during therapy
PT: explain the purpose of iron
therapy, advise patient that stools may be dark green/black, follow a diet high in iron
FAMOTIDINE (Pepcid/Zantac)
Oral - I: heartburn, acid indigestion, sour stomach, management of GERD
C: hypersensitivity, phenylketonuria (birth
defect; build up in the body)
SE: nausea, diarrhea, drowsiness, dizziness
AE: arrhythmias agranulocytosis (severe
DOCUSATE SODIUM (Colace)
oral - I: constipation, prevention of opioid
induced constipation
C: hypersensitivity, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting associated with fever
SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps
AE: electrolyte imbalance, urinary discoloration, rash
NC: before administering, determine if patient has adequate fluid intake, exercise & diet
PT: laxative should be used for short-term therapy, use other forms of bowel regulation (>fluid intake), for cardiac patients, avoid straining during BM
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM (Lipitor)
Oral - I: management of high
cholesterol, prevent coronary heart disease
C: hypersensitivity, active liver disease
SE: nausea, diarrhea, constipation, flatus, heartburn
AE: chest pain, peripheral edema, amnesia, insomnia, memory loss
NC: obtain baseline lipid profile before treatment, obtain diet history and fat consumption
PT: Take drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed
recommended amount., medication should be used
along with diet restrictions, contact doctor if unexplained muscle pain/ tenderness/weakness occurs
ALPRAZOLAM (Xanax)
Oral - I: generalized anxiety
disorder (GAD), panic disorder, anxiety associated w/ depression
C: hypersensitivity, cross-sensitivity with other
benzodiazepines, pre-existing CNS depression, severe uncontrolled pain
SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, dizziness
AE: blurred vision, tinnitus, chest pain, confusion
NC: monitor patient also taking opioid for S/S of respiratory depression, give the smallest effective dose to prevent ataxia
PT: Take the drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount, avoid drinking alcohol, May cause drowsiness, avoid driving, avoid drinking grapefruit juice during therapy
IPRATROPIUM (Atrovent)
Inhaled - I: reversible airway obstruction due to COPD & asthma
C: hypersensitivity, avoid during acute bronchospasm
SE: nausea, cough, rash, headache, dizziness
AE: blurred vision, hypotension, palpitations, epistaxis (nosebleed), allergic reactions
NC: assess respiratory status before administering and the peak of medication.
PT: Instruct patient of proper use of the inhaler and to take as directed, advise the parent to rinse mouth after using the inhaler and have food oral hygiene, caution patient not to exceed 12 doses within 24hr.
FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE (flonase/flovent)
Inhaled - I: chronic asthma
C: hypersensitivity
SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness
AE: conjunctivitis, epistaxis (nosebleed), pharyngitis, laryngitis
NC: observe the patient carefully for evidence of systemic corticosteroid effects, monitor patient, especially post-op, during period of stress or severe asthma attack
PT: Take drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount, Call the doctor if the medication doesn’t improve asthma episodes, Advise patient to report all adverse reactions
ALBUTEROL
inhaler - I: asthma & COPD, prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm
C: hypersensitivity
SE: nausea, vomiting, nervousness, restlessness, tremor
AE: paradoxical bronchospasm
(wheezing), chest pain, palpitations, angina, arrhythmias
NC: observe for (wheezing), withhold and notify healthcare professional immediately if it occurs, assess lung sounds, pulse, BP before and during the peak of medications, monitor pulmonary function tests before initiating therapy & periodically during therapy
PT: Take drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount, Contact healthcare professional immediately if SOB is not relieved by medication, inform patient that it may cause an unusual or bad taste, avoid smoking and other respiratory irritants
VANCOMYCIN
IV - I: infections
C: hypersensitivity
SE: nausea, vomiting, rash
AE: hypotension, anaphylaxis, nephrotoxicity
NC: assess for infection at beginning & throughout therapy, obtain a specimen for culture & sensitivity before therapy, Monitor BP throughout IV infusion
PT: report signs of hypersensitivity, tinnitus,
vertigo, or hearing loss, notify health care professional if no improvement is seen in a few days