med comp Flashcards

1
Q

latanoprost ophthalmic solution (Xalatan)

A

eye drop - indication: increased IOP with ocular HTN or open-angle glaucoma

C: hypersensitivity & intraocular inflammation

SE: dry eye, itching, rash, lid discomfort

AE: angina, blurred vision, eye pain, back pain

NC: don’t give while the patient is wearing contacts, don’t exceed recommended amount

PT: inform patients of the risk of eye color changing in the treated eye, inform the patient that darkening or eyelid may occur, tell pt t remove contacts before instilling solution, and wait 15 mins before inserting them back

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2
Q

CYANOCOBALAMIN

A

IM - I: vitamin B12 deficiency & pernicious anemia

C: hypersensitivity

SE: diarrhea, headache, itching, swelling of the body

AE: anaphylaxis, HF, pulmonary edema, hypokalemia

NC: assess the patient for signs of vitamin B12 deficiency before and periodically during therapy

PT: foods high in B12 (meat, eggs, seafood), encourage patients to comply with the diet recommendation, emphasize the importance of follow-up exams and evaluate progress

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3
Q

PANTOPRAZOLE (protonix)

A

IV - I: Gerd

C: hypersensitivity

SE: diarrhea, headache, flatulence

AE: C.Diff, bone fractures, lupus erythmetosis

NC: assess routinely for epicanthic pain and abdominal pain

PT: take as directed, finish therapy even if feeling better, notify HCP if fever and diarrhea develops

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4
Q

NITROGLYCERIN PATCH

A

Topical - I: long-term prophylactic
management of angina pectoris

C: hypersensitivity, increase intracranial pressure, severe anemia

SE: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache

AE: hypotension, tachycardia, contact dermatitis

NC: assess location, duration,
intensity & precipitating factors of anginal pain, monitor BP & pulse before & after administering

PT: Take the drug exactly as directed, even if feeling better, change positions slowly to minimize orthostatic hypotension, avoid drinking alcohol, notify a healthcare professionals if dry mouth or blurred vision occurs

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5
Q

POTASSIUM CHLORIDE

A

Oral - I: potassium depletion

C: hyperkalemia, severe renal impairment, untreated Addison’s disease

SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence

AE: arrhythmias, GI ulceration, paresthesia (pins & needles)

NC: Assess S/S of hypokalemia

PT: Take medication as the directed, correct method of administration, encourage compliance with recommended diet

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6
Q

ONDANSETRON (Zofran)

A

Oral - I: prevent nausea & vomiting associated with chemo or radiation

C: hypersensitivity, use with apomorphine

SE: diarrhea, constipation, headache, dizziness

AE: Serontonin syndrome, stevens-johnson syndrome

NC: monitor S/S for serotonin syndrome (mental status changes) assess for rash periodically

PT: Take medication as directed, call a healthcare professional immediately if you have irregular heartbeat, serotonin syndrome, involuntary eyes/face/limbs movement

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7
Q

LEVOTHYROXINE (synthroid)

A

Oral - I: thyroid supplement of hypothyroidism, euthyroid goiters

C: hypersensitivity, MI, hyperthyroidism

SE: vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, headache

AE: insomnia, tachycardia, arrhythmias, angina pectoris

NC: assess apical pulse & BP periodically throughout therapy, assess for tachyarrhythmias & chest pain, monitor thyroid function prior to and during therapy

PT: Take the medication at the same time each day, explain that this is a lifelong therapy

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8
Q

GABAPENTIN (Neurotonin)

A

Oral - I: partial seizures, postherpetic neuralgia

C: hypersensitivity

SE: dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, depression

AE: hypersensitivity reactions, suicidal thoughts

NC: monitor patients taking or starting AEDs for changes in behavior (depression, suicidal thoughts), If ordered to stop, gradually stop drug >1 week to minimize the risk of seizures.

PT: Take drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount, May cause drowsiness; avoid driving, call doctor if thoughts of suicide, depressions
anxiety occur

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9
Q

FUROSEMIDE (Lasix)

A

Oral - I: edema (heart failure, renal disease), hypertension

C: hypersensitivity, cross-sensitivity with thiazides & sulfonamides, hepatic coma

SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration

AE: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (skin disorder), agranulocytosis aplastic anemia (no RBC production)

NC: monitor vital signs with long-term use, stop if oliguria (low urine) occurs, monitor glucose levels in diabetic patients

PT: Take the drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount, change positions to reduce orthostatic hypotension, call doctor if gained >3lbs in 1 day

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10
Q

FERROUS SULFATE (Iron)

A

Oral - I: iron deficiency anemia

C: hypersensitivity, hemochromatosis (iron
overload), hemosiderosis (iron overload w/o tissue damage)

SE: nausea, vomiting, constipation, dark stools

AE: GI bleeding, syncope

NC: GI upset may be related to dose, monitor Hb level, hematocrit, & reticulocyte count during therapy

PT: explain the purpose of iron
therapy, advise patient that stools may be dark green/black, follow a diet high in iron

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11
Q

FAMOTIDINE (Pepcid/Zantac)

A

Oral - I: heartburn, acid indigestion, sour stomach, management of GERD

C: hypersensitivity, phenylketonuria (birth
defect; build up in the body)

SE: nausea, diarrhea, drowsiness, dizziness

AE: arrhythmias agranulocytosis (severe

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12
Q

DOCUSATE SODIUM (Colace)

A

oral - I: constipation, prevention of opioid
induced constipation

C: hypersensitivity, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting associated with fever

SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps

AE: electrolyte imbalance, urinary discoloration, rash

NC: before administering, determine if patient has adequate fluid intake, exercise & diet

PT: laxative should be used for short-term therapy, use other forms of bowel regulation (>fluid intake), for cardiac patients, avoid straining during BM

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13
Q

ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM (Lipitor)

A

Oral - I: management of high
cholesterol, prevent coronary heart disease

C: hypersensitivity, active liver disease

SE: nausea, diarrhea, constipation, flatus, heartburn

AE: chest pain, peripheral edema, amnesia, insomnia, memory loss

NC: obtain baseline lipid profile before treatment, obtain diet history and fat consumption

PT: Take drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed
recommended amount., medication should be used
along with diet restrictions, contact doctor if unexplained muscle pain/ tenderness/weakness occurs

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14
Q

ALPRAZOLAM (Xanax)

A

Oral - I: generalized anxiety
disorder (GAD), panic disorder, anxiety associated w/ depression

C: hypersensitivity, cross-sensitivity with other
benzodiazepines, pre-existing CNS depression, severe uncontrolled pain

SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, dizziness

AE: blurred vision, tinnitus, chest pain, confusion

NC: monitor patient also taking opioid for S/S of respiratory depression, give the smallest effective dose to prevent ataxia

PT: Take the drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount, avoid drinking alcohol, May cause drowsiness, avoid driving, avoid drinking grapefruit juice during therapy

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15
Q

IPRATROPIUM (Atrovent)

A

Inhaled - I: reversible airway obstruction due to COPD & asthma

C: hypersensitivity, avoid during acute bronchospasm

SE: nausea, cough, rash, headache, dizziness

AE: blurred vision, hypotension, palpitations, epistaxis (nosebleed), allergic reactions

NC: assess respiratory status before administering and the peak of medication.

PT: Instruct patient of proper use of the inhaler and to take as directed, advise the parent to rinse mouth after using the inhaler and have food oral hygiene, caution patient not to exceed 12 doses within 24hr.

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16
Q

FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE (flonase/flovent)

A

Inhaled - I: chronic asthma

C: hypersensitivity

SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness

AE: conjunctivitis, epistaxis (nosebleed), pharyngitis, laryngitis

NC: observe the patient carefully for evidence of systemic corticosteroid effects, monitor patient, especially post-op, during period of stress or severe asthma attack

PT: Take drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount, Call the doctor if the medication doesn’t improve asthma episodes, Advise patient to report all adverse reactions

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17
Q

ALBUTEROL

A

inhaler - I: asthma & COPD, prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm

C: hypersensitivity

SE: nausea, vomiting, nervousness, restlessness, tremor

AE: paradoxical bronchospasm
(wheezing), chest pain, palpitations, angina, arrhythmias

NC: observe for (wheezing), withhold and notify healthcare professional immediately if it occurs, assess lung sounds, pulse, BP before and during the peak of medications, monitor pulmonary function tests before initiating therapy & periodically during therapy

PT: Take drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount, Contact healthcare professional immediately if SOB is not relieved by medication, inform patient that it may cause an unusual or bad taste, avoid smoking and other respiratory irritants

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18
Q

VANCOMYCIN

A

IV - I: infections

C: hypersensitivity

SE: nausea, vomiting, rash

AE: hypotension, anaphylaxis, nephrotoxicity

NC: assess for infection at beginning & throughout therapy, obtain a specimen for culture & sensitivity before therapy, Monitor BP throughout IV infusion

PT: report signs of hypersensitivity, tinnitus,
vertigo, or hearing loss, notify health care professional if no improvement is seen in a few days

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19
Q

PIPERACILLIN/TAZOBACTAM

A

IV - I: infections

C: hypersensitivity

SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash

AE: seizures, C. Diff associated diarrhea, anaphylaxis

NC: assess for infection at beginning & throughout therapy, obtain specimen for culture & sensitivity before therapy, monitor bowel function, assess for rash periodically during therapy

PT: report signs of superinfection and allergy, notify health care professional if fever and diarrhea develop especially if diarrhea contains blood, mucus, or pus.

20
Q

DOXYCYCLINE

A

IV - I: infections

C: hypersensitivity

SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash

AE: C. Diff associated diarrhea, pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity

NC: assess for infection at beginning & throughout therapy, obtain specimens for culture & sensitivity before therapy, monitor bowel function, assess for rash periodically during therapy

PT: take medication as directed, finish therapy even if feeling better, notify health care professional if fever and diarrhea develop especially if diarrhea contains blood, mucus, or pus.

21
Q

CIPROFLOXACIN

A

IV - I: Infections

C: hypersensitivity, Hx myasthenia gravis
(muscle weakness)

SE: nausea, diarrhea, rash

AE: seizures, C. Diff associated diarrhea, anaphylaxis, suicidal thoughts

NC: assess for infection at beginning & throughout therapy, obtain a specimen for culture& sensitivity before therapy

PT: take medication as directed, finish therapy even if feeling better, notify health care professional if fever and diarrhea develop especially if diarrhea contains blood, mucus, or pus.

22
Q

CEFTRIAXONE

A

IV - I: infections

C: hypersensitivity

SE: diarrhea, rash

AE: seizures, C. Diff associated diarrhea, anaphylaxis

NC: assess for infection at the beginning & throughout therapy, obtain specimens for culture & sensitivity before therapy

PT: report signs of superinfection and allergy, notify health care professional if fever and diarrhea develop especially if diarrhea contains blood, mucus, or pus.

23
Q

BACITRACIN

A

Topical - I: localized infections due to
susceptible organisms

C: hypersensitivity, renal impairment

SE: nausea, vomiting, rash, itching

AE: pseudomembranous colitis, renal failure

NC: assess lesions prior to and periodically during therapy

PT: Take drug exactly as directed, caution to notify healthcare professionals if fever and diarrhea occur, especially if it contains blood, pus, mucus.

24
Q

HEPARIN

A

SQ - I: thromboembolic disorders (venous thromboembolism, pulmonary emboli, Afib, etc)

C: hypersensitivity, uncontrolled bleeding, Hx heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, open wounds

SE: fever, anemia, rash, pain at the injection site

AE: bleeding, heparin-induced
thrombocytopenia (HIT), alopecia, osteoporosis

NC: assess for signs of bleeding & hemorrhage, monitory for hypersensitivity reactions, assess the patient for additional or increased thrombosis

PT: advise patient to report any symptoms of unusual bleeding or bruising immediately, instruct the patient not to take medications containing aspirin or NSAIDs while on therapy, caution patient to avoid IM injections and activities leading to injury, Use a soft toothbrush & electric razor during therapy

25
Q

ENOXAPARIN

A

SQ - I: prevention of venous
thromboembolism (VTE),

DVT, and PE

C: hypersensitivity

SE: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache

AE: bleeding, anemia, alopecia edema

NC: assess for signs of bleeding & hemorrhage, assess the patient for evidence of additional or increase thrombosis, monitory patients hypersensitivity reaction

PT: instruct patient to correct
technique for self-injection, care, and disposal, advise patient to report any symptoms of unusual bleeding or bruising, dizziness, itching, rash, advise patient not to take aspirin, naproxen, or ibuprofen without talking to a doctor

26
Q

HYDROCORTISONE CREAM

A

topical - I: inflammation & pruritus (itching) from allergic/ immunologic skin problems

C: hypersensitivity, untreated bacterial or viral
infections

SE: dryness, irritation, burning

AE: edema, adrenal suppression, secondary infection

NC: assess affected skin before and daily during therapy, note degree of inflammation & pruritus

PT: Take the drug exactly as directed, instruct patient on correct technique of medication administration, inform health care professional if symptoms return or worsen.

27
Q

PREDNISONE (deltasone)

A

oral - I: inflammation, immunosuppression, an endocrine disorder

C: active untreated infections

SE: nausea, vomiting, acne, depression

AE: peptic ulceration, thromboembolism, hypertension

NC: assess for signs of adrenal
insufficiency before and periodically during therapy, monitor intake/output ratios & daily weights, observe for peripheral edema

PT: Take medication as directed, Do not stop taking
suddenly or adrenal insufficiency may occur, contact a healthcare professional if severe abdominal pain or tarry stools occur

28
Q

LORATADINE

A

oral - I: seasonal allergies, hives

C: hypersensitivity

SE: drowsiness, confusion, dry mouth

AE: blurred vision, GI upset

NC: assess allergy symptoms, assess lung sounds & bronchial secretions

PT: Take the drug exactly as
directed, May cause drowsiness; avoid driving, avoid drinking alcohol

29
Q

DIPHENHYDRAMINE (benadryl)

A

Oral - I: relief of allergic symptoms, mild nighttime sedation, prevents motion sickness

C: hypersensitivity, acute asthma attacks, known alcohol intolerance

SE: nausea, drowsiness, dizziness

AE: tinnitus, blurred vision, hypotension, dysuria

NC: this drug has multiple uses, determine why it was
ordered and assess symptoms, for anaphylaxis: assess urticaria and patient airway, for insomnia: assess sleep patterns, for motion sickness, assess nausea, vomiting, bowel sounds

PT: Take drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount, May cause drowsiness; avoid driving, May cause dry mouth; frequent oral rinses each sleep hygiene techniques (dark-quiet room, limit daytime naps)

30
Q

Insulin (levemir - long lasting & novalog - short lasting)

A

SQ - I: diabetes

C: hypersensitivity, hypoglycemia

SE: swelling, pruritus (itching)

AE: hypoglycemia, hypersensitivity reactions

NC: assess periodically for symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, monitor body weight periodically

PT: instruct on the proper technique of administration, explain that this medication controls hyperglycemia and is long term therapy, emphasize the importance of compliance with nutritional guidelines and regular exercise as directed

31
Q

METFORMIN

A

oral - I: type 2 diabetes

C: hypersensitivity, diabetic ketoacidosis, severe renal impairment

SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bloating

AE: lactic acidosis

NC: observe S/S of hypoglycemic reactions, patients with severe renal impairment is >risk for lactic acidosis

PT: Take the medication at the
same time each day, drug helps control hyperglycemia and is usually long term therapy, follow prescribed diet and exercise

32
Q

GUAIFENESIN (Mucinex)

A

oral - I: coughs caused by upper respiratory tract infections

C: hypersensitivity, intolerance to alcohol

SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

AE: urticaria, stomach pain

NC: monitor cough type & frequency

PT: instruct to cough effectively, May cause drowsiness; avoid driving

33
Q

DEXTROMETHORPHAN - delsym

A

oral - I: coughs caused by upper respiratory tract infections, chronic nonproductive coughs

C: hypersensitivity, chronic productive coughs, taking MAO inhibitors or SSRIs

SE: nausea, vomiting

AE: stomach pain, sedation

NC: monitor cough type and frequency

PT: Take the drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount, instruct patient to cough effectively, avoid drinking alcohol, call doctor if cough lasts >1week

34
Q

TIMOLOL

A

eye drop - I: hypertension, prevention of MI, prevent migraine headaches

C: Uncompensated HF, pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, bradycardia or heart attack

SE: nausea, constipation, fatigue, weakness, ED

AE: Arrhythmias, bradycardia, HF, pulmonary edema, anaphylaxis

NC: monitor intake/output ratios & daily weight, assess
patient routinely for evidence of fluid overload

PT: Take drug as directed, at the same time each day, even if they’re feeling better, Teach patient and family how to check pulse daily and BP biweekly, Call healthcare professional immediately if slow pulse, difficulty breathing, wheezing, May cause drowsiness; avoid driving

35
Q

METOPROLOL (lopressor)

A

oral - I: hypertension, angina pectoralis (small chest pain)

C: HF, Pulmonary edema, bradycardia

SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue

AE: HF, Pulmonary edema, bradycardia

NC: monitor BP, ECG & pulse throughout therapy, monitor intake/output & daily weight

PT: call a healthcare professional if slow pulse, difficult breathing, wheezing, dizziness occurs

36
Q

LOSARTAN (cozaar)

A

oral - I: hypertension

C: hypersensitivity, bilateral renal artery stenosis

SE: nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue

AE: chest pain, angioedema, hypotension, hypoglycemia

NC: assess the patient for signs of angioedema, assess
BP & pulse throughout therapy

PT: call a healthcare professional immediately if swelling of faces eyes, lips occur, May cause drowsiness;
avoid driving, change positions slowly to reduce orthostatic hypotension

37
Q

LISINOPRIL

A

oral - I: hypertension, heart failure

C: hypersensitivity, history of angioedema with previous use of ACE inhibitors

SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cough

AE: hypotension, impaired renal function

NC: monitor BP & pulse periodically throughout
therapy, assess the patient for signs of angioedema

PT: Take the medication at the same time each day even if feeling well, call the doctor if rash, sore throat, fever occur, change positions slowly to reduce orthostatic hypotension

38
Q

HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE

A
oral - I: mild to moderate
hypertension edema (heart failure, renal dysfunction)

C: hypersensitivity, intolerance to tartrazine, anuria

SE: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness

AE: Stevens-Johnson
syndrome (skin disorder), hypotension, pancreatitis

NC: monitor BP, intake/output, daily weight, assess for skin rash, frequently during therapy

PT: Take the medication at the same time each day, motor weight biweekly; call the doctor if significant changes, change positions slowly to minimize orthostatic hypotension

39
Q

AMLODIPINE (norvasc)

A

Oral - I: hypertension, angina pectoris, vasospastic angina

C: hypersensitivity, systolic BP <90mmHg

SE: nausea, dizziness, fatigue, flushing

AE: peripheral edema, angina, bradycardia, hypotension

NC: monitor BP & pulse before therapy and periodically during therapy, monitor intake & output ratios and daily weight monitor signs for heart failure

PT: Take the drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount., teach the patient how to monitor pulse, Contact a healthcare professional if HR <50bpm, May cause drowsiness; avoid driving

40
Q

LIDOCAINE PATCH

A

topical - I: pain due to post-op neuralgia

C: hypersensitivity, third-degree heart block, Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome

SE: nausea, vomiting, confusion, drowsiness

AE: seizure, cardiac arrest

NC: monitor ECG continuously, BP & Respiratory status frequently during administration, monitor for pain intensity periodically during therapy

PT: May cause drowsiness; avoid driving, explain the purpose of lidocaine to the patient, avoid contact with water since the patch may not stick

41
Q

FENTANYL PATCH

A

topical - I: moderate to severe chronic pain

C: hypersensitivity, acute, mild, intermittent, or post-op pain, respiratory depression, acute or severe bronchial asthma

SE: nausea, vomiting, constipation, confusion, sedation

AE: apnea, respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypotension, adrenal insufficiency

NC: assess BP, pulse, RR before and periodically during administration, assess risk for opioid addiction use, or misuse prior to administration, assess bowel function routinely

PT: instruct how and when to ask for and take pain medication.Instruct correct method for application and disposal of patch • avoid grapefruit juice

42
Q

OXYCODONE

A

oral - I: moderate to severe pain

C: hypersensitivity, respiratory depression, acute or severe bronchial asthma

SE: nausea, vomiting, constipation, confusion, sedation

AE: respiratory depression, orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision

NC: Assess BP, pulse, & RR before and periodically
during administration, assess risk for opioid addiction , abuse, or misuse before administration.

PT: Instruct patient on how & when to ask for and take pain meds, advise patient that this drug is known to abuse potential, protect from theft, May cause drowsiness; avoid driving

43
Q

IBUPROFEN

A

oral - I: pain, inflammation, reduce fever

C: hypersensitivity, active GI bleeding or ulcer disease, severe HF

SE: nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal discomfort

AE: HF, MI, stroke, GI bleeding

NC: assess pain before and 1-2 hr after administering, assess for S/S GI bleeding, assess for skin rashes

PT: Take drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount, May cause drowsiness; avoid driving, avoid drinking alcohol

44
Q

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID

ASA) (aspirin

A

oral - I: Mild pain, Fever, inflammatory disorders, prophylaxis for heart attack

C: hypersensitivity to aspirin, cross-sensitivity with other
NSAIDs, bleeding disorders

SE: nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia (indigestion), epigastric distress, abdominal pain

AE: GI Bleeding, Hypersensitivity reactions
(anaphylaxis), tinnitus

NC: For inflammatory conditions give scheduled doses, monitor patient for hypersensitivity reactions, Monitor salicylate level; severe toxic effects levels >400mcg/mL

PC: Take with food or glass of water to reduce GI
reactions and sit upright for 15-30 minutes, avoid the previous hypersensitivity use of alcohol, Consult doctor is tinnitus occurs, consult a doctor if a fever lasts >3days

45
Q

ACETAMINOPHEN

A

oral - I: Mild pain, fever

C: previous hypersensitivity severe hepatic impairment/
active liver disease

SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, anxiety

AE: hepatotoxicity, renal failure, cardiac damage, toxic epidermal necrosis, rash

NC: Many OTC and prescriptions products contain acetaminophen; be aware when calculating total daily dose, reduce total daily dose & increase dosing intervals for patients with hepatic or renal impairment

PT: Take drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount, consult doctor if fever lasts >3day, stop use and consult
doctor if a rash occurs