med chap 4 - whole body Flashcards
anterior
pertaining to the front of the body or toward the belly of the body
posterior
pertaining to the back of the body
ventral
of/or pertaining to a position toward the belly of the body; frontward; anterior
dorsal
pertaining to back or posterior
medial
toward the midline of the body
lateral
toward the side of the body, away from the midline of the body
superior
above or upward toward the head
inferior
below or downward toward the tail or feet
cranial
pertaining to the head
candal
pertaining to the tail
distal
farthest from the trunk/point of attachment of the body
proximal
nearest from the trunk/point of attachment of the body
supine
lying horizontally on the back, face up
prone
lying facedown on the abdomen
supination
the movement allows the palms of the hands to turn upward/forward
pronation
the movement allows the palms of the hands to turn downward/backward
plantar
pertaining to the sole/bottom of the foot
dorsum
the back/posterior surface of a part; in the foot;top of foot
abdominal cavity
contains: liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, intestines, kidneys
abdominopelvic cavity
space between the diaphragm and the groin
anaplasia
loss of structure and orientation of cells
anatomical position
person standing with arms at sides and palms turned forward
anterior
pertaining to the front of the body
aplasia
without development; failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue
cardiac muscle
the muscle that makes up the muscular wall of the heart
caudal
pertaining to the tail
cell
smallest unit of living matter
cell membrane
the semipermeable barrier that is the outer covering of a cell
cervical vertebrae
first segments of spinal column; C1 through C7
chromosomes
threadlike structures within the nucleus that control functions: growth, repair, and reproduction
coccyx
the tailbone
connective tissue
tissue that supports and binds other body tissue and parts
cranial
pertaining to the skull or cranium
cranial cavity
contains brain
cytology
the study of cells
cytoplasm
the gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of a cell
deep
away from the surface/toward the inside of the body
distal
away/farthest from the trunk of the body
dorsal
pertaining to the back
dorsum
the back or posterior surface of a part
dysplasia
any abnormal development of tissue or organs
epigastric region
upper section of the abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the ribs
epithelial tissue
the tissue that lines the vessels, body cavities, glands, and body organs
frontal plane
dividing the body into front and back portions
genes
segments chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics
histologist
medical scientist who specializes in the study of tissues
hyperplasia
increase in the number of cells of a body part
hypochondriac region
right and left regions of the upper abdomen
hypogastric region
middle section of the lower abdomen
hypoplasia
incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue
inferior
below or downward toward the tail or feet
inguinal region
right and left lower regions; iliac region
intervertebral disc
cartilage that serves as a cushion between the vertebrae
lateral
toward side of body; away from midline
lumbar region
right and left regions of the middle section of the abdomen
lumbar vertebrae
lower vertebrae; L1-L5
lysosomes
destroy bacteria by digesting them
mcburney’s point
right side of abdomen; between the umbilicus and anterior of hip
medial
toward midline of the body
mediolateral
pertaining to the middle and side of a structure
membrane
thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space
midsagittal place
the plane that divides the body into right and left
mitochondria
cell organs that provide the energy needed by the cell to carry its essential functions
navel
the umbilicus; the belly button
neoplasia
the new/abnormal development of the cells that may be benign/malignant
nucleus
the central controlling body within a living cell; within the cell membrane
organ
tissues arranged together to preform a special function
pelvic cavity
contains: urinary bladder and reproductive organs
peritoneum
membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall
plane
imaginary cuts made through the body
plantar
pertaining to the sole/bottom of the foot
posterior
pertaining to the back of the body
pronation
movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn downward/backward
prone
lying facedown on the abdomen
ribosomes
cell organs that synthesize proteins
sacrum
triangular-shaped bone that results from the fusion of the 5 sacral bones
skeletal muscle
muscle that is attached to bone
smooth muscle
found in walls of hollow organs: stomach, intestines
spinal cavity
contains the nerves of the spinal cord
ili/o
ilium
inguin/o
groin
inter-
between
-ion
action, process
later/o
side
lumb/o
lower back
medi/o
middle
nucle/o
nucleus
pelv/i
pelvis
-plasm
living substance
poster/o
back
proxim/o
near
sacr/o
sacrum
-some
“a body” of a specified type
spin/o
spine
thorac/o
chest
umbilic/o
navel
ventr/o
belly, front side
vertebr/o
vertebra
viscer/o
internal organs
RUQ
right upper quadrant
LUQ
left upper quadrant
RLQ
right lower quadrant
LLQ
left lower quadrant
abdominal
pertaining to the abdomen
thoracic cavity
contains: heart, lungs, esophagus
mid-sagittal plane
The imaginary “line” created when the body is divided into and left halves is called the
anaplasia
A change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation to a more primitive form (“without formation”), is known as
