Med Care USCG Bank #1 Flashcards by Rhema Nance

When should a tourniquet be used to control bleeding?

When all other means have failed

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As a last resort, what can a tourniquet be used for?

Stop uncontrolled bleeding

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A seaman has a small gaping laceration of the arm that is not bleeding excessively. What can be done as an alternative to suturing to close the wound?

Apply butterfly strips, then a sterile dressing

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What is the appropriate first aid treatment for small cuts and open wounds?

Stop the bleeding, clean, medicate and cover the wound.

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A person reports to you with a fishhook in his thumb, what procedure should you use to remove it?

Push the barb through, cut it off, then remove the hook

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In all but the most severe cases, how should bleeding from a wound be contained?

Applying direct pressure to the wound

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A person has suffered a laceration of the arm. Severe bleeding has been controlled by using a sterile dressing and direct pressure. What should you do next?

Apply a pressure bandage over the dressing.

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How does bleeding from a vein appear?

Dark red and has a steady flow

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What can be caused by severe airway burns?

Complete obstruction of respiratory passages

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What is the immediate and most effective first aid treatment for chemical burns?

Flood the affected area with water

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What precaution should be taken when treating burns caused by contact with dry lime?

Before washing, the lime should be brushed away gently

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A man has suffered a burn on the arm. There is extensive damage to the skin with charring present. How is this injury classified?

Third-degree burn

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What is the basic emergency care for third-degree electrical burns?

Cover the burned area with a clean cloth and transport the patient to a medical facility

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If a person is unconscious from electric shock, the first action is to remove him from the electrical source. What is the secondary action?

Determine if he is breathing

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What should you do when treating a person for third-degree burns?

Cover the burns with thick, sterile dressings

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If a rescuer finds and electrical burn victim in the vicinity of live electrical equipment or wiring, what would be the first action to take?

Get assistance to shut down electrical power in the area

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How should a minor heat burn of the eye be treated?

Gently flooding with water

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What is of importance when a patient has an electrical burn?

Look for a second burn, which may have been caused by the current passing through the body

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What should a observer do if a victim is coughing and wheezing from a partial obstruction of the airway?

Allow the person to continue coughing and dislodge the obstruction on his own

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How deeply should the sternum be depressed when applying chest compressions on an adult victim during CPR

1-1/2 to 2 inches

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You are attempting to administer CPR to a victim. When you blow into his mouth it is apparent that no air is getting into the lungs. What should you do?

re-tip the head and try again

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what should a person do after being revived by artificial respiration?

be kept laying down and warm

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The rescuer can best provide an airtight seal during mouth-to-mouth resuscitation by pinching the victim’s nostrils and _____.

applying his mouth tightly over the victim’s mouth

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While carrying out artificial respiration how should rescuers be changed out?

without losing the rhythm of respiration

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what is the MOST important element in administering CPR?

Starting the treatment quickly

What's the FIRST thing the rescuer must do if the patient vomits during mouth-to-mouth resuscitation?

Turn the patient's body to the side, sweep out the mouth and resume mouth-to-mouth ventilation

What action must be taken if a shipmate suffers a heart attack and stops breathing?

Immediately start CPR

Seasickness is caused by rolling or rocking motions which affect fluids in what body part?

Inner ear

Which statement is CORRECT with respect to inserting an airway tube?

Only a trained person should attempt to insert an airway tube

What are the symptoms of seasickness?

nausea and dizziness

What is the primary use of antiseptics?

Prevent infection

What should you avoid when administering first aid?

Unnecessary haste and appearance of uncertainty

What is normal mouth temperature?

98.6* F

What is it called when you sort accident victims according to the severity of their injuries?

Triage

Where there are multiple accident victims, which condition should be the first to receive emergency treatment?

Suspension of breathing

What must the rescuer be able to do in managing a situation involving multiple injuries?

Rapidly evaluate the seriousness of obvious injuries

What can be determined about an injury from examining the condition of a victim's pupils?

Whether or not the brain is functioning properly

When is it necessary to remove a victim from a life threatening situation, what must the person giving first aid do?

Avoid subjecting the victim to any unnecessary disturbance

What is a convenient and effective system of examining the body for an injury victim?

Check the corresponding (left verses right) parts of the body

When giving first aid, in addition to conducting primary and secondary surveys, what should you be familiar with?

The limits of your capabilites

Unless there is danger of further injury, a person with a compound fracture should not be moved until bleeding is controlled and what action is taken?

The fracture is immobilized

What is the primary purpose of a splint applied in first aid?

Immobilize a fracture

How should a person suffering from possible broken bones and internal injuries be treated?

Not be moved but made comfortable until medical assistance arrives

What should you do if a crew member is unconscious and the face is flushed?

Lay a crew member down with the head and shoulders slightly raised

What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?

Pale and clammy skin

What does the treatment(s) of heat exhaustion consist(s) of?

Moving to a shaded area and laying down

A person with diabetes has received a minor leg injury. What symptoms would indicate the onset of a diabetic coma?

Slurred speech and loss of coordination

What are symptom(s) of a ruptured appendix?

Muscle tenseness in almost the entire abdomen

What is the primary action when a patient is suspected of having appendicitis?

Confine to bed until helicopter arrives

What are the symptoms of sugar diabetes?

Increased appetite and thirst

What should be given to a diabetic who suffers an insulin reaction and is conscious?

Orange juice

How is epilepsy, a chronic nervous disorder characterized?

Muscular convulsions with partial or complete loss of consciousness

What should you do if a crew member is having an epileptic convulsion?

Keep the victim from injuring him or herself

When providing first aid to a victim of gas poisoning, the MOST important symptom to check for is _____.

Suspension of breathing

What is the major cause of shock in burn victims?

Massive loss of fluid through the burned area

Why should a person being treated for shock be wrapped in warm coverings?

To preserve body heat

When a person is in shock, how will their skin appear?

Cold and damp

EXCEPT when suffering from a head or chest injury a patient in shock should be placed in which position?

Head down and feet up

In any major injury, first aid includes the treatment for the injury and what secondary condition?

For traumatic shock

What are the symptoms of a fractured back?

Pain at the site of the fracture and possible numbness or paralysis below the injury

What is an effective method for moving patients with spinal injuries onto a spine board?

Four man log roll

What is the primary concern in aiding a back injury patient?

Avoiding possible injury to the spinal cord by incorrect handling

What is the procedure for checking for spinal cord damage in an unconscious patient?

Prick the skin of the hands and the soles of the feet with a sharp object to check for reaction

How does blood flow from a cut artery appear?

Bright red and in spurts

Ordinarily, bleeding from a vein may be controlled by what method?

Applying direct pressure to the wound

What is the most important concern in treating a person with extensive burns?

Preventing infection

What should be the FIRST treatment of a person suspected of having airway burns?

Maintain an open airway

For small, first-degree burns, what is the quickest method to relieve pain?

Immerse the burn in cold water

Since electrical burn victims may be in shock, what is the FIRST medical indicator to check for?

Breathing and heartbeat

A man has a burn on his arm. There is reddening of the skin, blistering, and swelling. Using standard medical terminology what type of burn is this?

Second-degree burn

When treating a chemical burn, what is the minimum amount of time you should flood the burned area?

Five minutes

Which of the following is a treatment for frostbite?

Warming exposed parts rapidly

You are administering chest compressions during CPR. Where on the victim's body should the pressure be applied?

Lower half of the sternum

What should you do before CPR is started?

Establish an open airway

Which should NOT be a treatment for a person who has received a head injury and is groggy or unconscious?

Give a stimulant

Which procedure should NOT be done for a person who has fainted?

Give pain reliever

How should you FIRST treat a simple fracture?

preventing further movement of the bone

You are treating a shipmate with a compound fracture of the lower arm. Which action should you take?

Apply a bulky, sterile, pressure dressing to control bleeding, then apply a temporary splint, and obtain medical advice

Which is the most serious type of fracture?

Compound

What are the symptoms of heat stroke?

Hot and dry skin, high body temperature

What is the most important consideration while providing assistance to a victim of an epileptic seizure?

Prevent patient from hurting himself

how should the pain be relieved when a patient is suspected of having appendicitis?

Keeping an ice bag over the appendix area

Why are persons who have swallowed a non-petroleum based poison given large quantities of warm soapy water or warm salt water?

To induce vomiting

What is the best treatment for preventing traumatic shock after an accident?

Keep the victim warm and dry while lying down

What is a treatment for traumatic shock?

Administer fluids

A patient in shock should NOT be placed in which position?

Arms above their head

What is the preferred method of controlling external bleeding?

Direct pressure on the wound

A victim has suffered a second-degree burn to a small area of the lower arm. What is the proper first aid treatment for this injury?

Immerse the arm in cold water for 1 to 2 hours, apply burn ointment, and bandage

A man has suffered a burn on the arm. There is reddening of the skin but no other apparent damage. Using standard medical terminology, what type of burn is this?

First degree burn

Chemical burns are caused by the skin coming in contact with what substance(s)?

acids or alkalies

What should be the result of physical exertion on the part of a person who has fallen into cold water?

It will increase the rate of heat loss from the body

What is MOST important when administering artificial respiration?

Clear airways

What is the proper stimulant for an unconscious person?

Ammonia inhalant

Where there are multiple accident victims, which type of injury should be the first to receive emergency treatment?

Severe shock (over major multiple fractures, eye injuries, and burns)

Which statement describes a compound fracture?

A fracture where the bone may be visible

What are the symptoms of sun stroke?

Temperature is HIGH, Pulse is STRONG and RAPID, skin is HOT and DRY

After an accident the victim may go into shock and die. What should be done to help prevent shock?

Keep the person laying down and at a comfortable temperature

What is a symptom of traumatic shock?

All the above (1. restlessness and anxiety 2. pale, cold skin 3. weak rapid pulse)

How are First-, Second-, and Third-degree burns classified?

According to the layers of skin affected

Which of the following medical conditions has symptoms of: burning pain with redness of the skin, and irritating rash, blisters or loss of skin and or toxic poisoning?

Chemical burn

what is the most effective treatment for warming a crew member suffering from hypothermia?

Bundling the body in blankets to re-warm gradually

Which situation may require you to administer artificial respiration?

All the above (1. poisoning 2. electrocution 3. drowning)

In reviving a person who has been overcome by gas fumes, what would you AVOID doing?

Giving stimulants

What is the principle treatment for sunstroke?

Cooling, removing to shaded area, and laying down

What should you do if a crewman suffers a second degree burn on the arm?

immerse the arm in cold water

Which of the following describes the condition of Hypothermia?

When the rate of heat loss of the body exceeds the rate of heat production

After pinching a victim's nostrils, how can a rescuer best provide an airtight seal during mouth-to-mouth ventilation?

By applying his mouth tightly over the victim's mouth

How should you treat a person suffering from heat exhaustion?

Give him sips of cool water

What is the FIRST treatment for a surface burn?

Flood, bathe, or immerse the burned area in cold water

Which of the following is a symptom of mild hypothermia

INCREASED pulse and INCREASED breathing rate

How should a patient suffering from heat exhaustion be treated?

Moved to a cool room and told to lie down

You are attending to survivors after abandoning ship. Several of the personnel have a slow pulse and slow breathing rates. Which of the following is the most probable cause of these conditions?

Moderate hypothermia

What causes heat exhaustion?

Excessive loss of water and salt from the body

A survivor has been pulled from the water off the coast of Greenland. The patient is in a state of confusion and has ceased shivering. Which of the following best describes the patient's condition?

The patient is suffering from moderate hypothermia

Your vessel is in distress and the order has been given to abandon ship. If you must enter the water which of the following would aid in preventing hypothermia?

Apply as many layers of clothing as possible before donning a survival suit to preserve body heat

A person is exhibiting signs of hypothermia and starts to shiver, what does this indicate?

The body is trying to generate more heat

You abandoned ship and are in a life raft with several other members of the crew. One person in the life raft is exhibiting symptoms of hypothermia. Which of the following could you do to aid the victim?

use direct gody to vody contact to warm him.

Your vessel is taking on water and the order has been given to abandon ship. Which of the following is an effective method of combating hypothermia if you must enter the water?

All the above (1. When entering the water attempt to do so gradually 2. apply multiple layers of clothing before donning an immersion suit 3. only swim if necessary to search survival craft or other survivors)

When abandoning ship in cold waters, what actions can be taken to minimize the effects of entering the water?

Utilize embarkation ladders or a fire hose to loser yourself into a survival craft