med asepsies Flashcards
the state of being free from living pathogenic
organisms
asepsis
involves a reduction in numbers of infectious agents but does not necessarily reduce it to zero
Medical Asepsis
A set of infection control practices that healthcare personnel use to reduce transmission of microorganisms in healthcare settings.
Standard Precautions
when exposure to blood, body fluids, excretions, secretions (except sweat), mucous membranes, or non-intact skin is anticipated.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
are a serious problem in healthcare facilities.
Infections
Every year, an estimated _________ patients get a
hospital-related infection.
2 million
Hold hands in upward position
while rinsing.
Surgical Handwashing
A mask must not be placed around the neck to be worn again
prevent contamination of healthcare professional’s hands and help reduce the spread of pathogens only if:
Gloves
Cycle of infection = All factors involved in the spread of disease:
- Infectious Organism
- Reservoir of Infection
- Portal of Exit
- Mode of Transportation
- Portal of entry
- Susceptible hose
Pathogen
Infectious organism
place where organisms can thrive
Reservoir of infection
Any avenue available to exit the body
Portal of exit
Route taken by pathogens from reservoir to susceptible host
Mode of transportation
Any avenue available to enter the body
Portal of entry
Person at risk for infection
Susceptible host
Of the total amount of waste generated by health-care activities, about ____ is general waste.
80%
The remaining ____ is considered hazardous material that may be infectious, toxic or radioactive.
20%
Every year an estimated ______ injections are administered worldwide, but not all of the needles and syringes are properly disposed of afterwards.
16,000 million
waste contaminated with blood
and its by-products, cultures and stocks of infectious agents, waste from patients in isolation wards, discarded diagnostic samples containing blood and body fluids, infected animals from laboratories, and contaminated materials (swabs, bandages) and equipment (such as disposable medical devices);
Infectious Waste
recognizable body parts and contaminated animal carcasses;
Pathological Waste
syringes, needles, disposable scalpels and
blades, etc.;
Sharps
for example mercury, solvents and
disinfectants;
Chemicals
expired, unused, and contaminated drugs; vaccines and sera;
Pharmaceuticals
highly hazardous, mutagenic, teratogenic or carcinogenic, such as cytotoxic drugs used in cancer treatment and their metabolites;
Genotoxic Waste
such as glassware contaminated with radioactive diagnostic material or radiotherapeutic materials;
Radioactive Waste
such as broken mercury thermometers.
Heavy Metals Waste
Needles and syringes used in the diagnostic imaging department should always be treated as if they are contaminated with ________ . Do not recapped needles or touch them after use. Place them immediately in a
________ container labeled
for this purpose.
virulent microbes, puncture-proof
a term used to describe the removal by means of mechanical and chemical processes of pathogenic microorganisms, but frequently not their spores, but from objects or body surfaces.
DISINFECTION
a chemical substance that is used for disinfecting
only an inanimate object e.g. ( _____ , _____ )
Disinfectant (phenol, chlorine)
refers to any process that effectively kills or
eliminates transmissible agents (such as fungi,
bacteria, viruses, and spore forms etc.) from a
surface, equipment, foods, medications, or biological culture medium.
Sterilization
transmissible agents
fungi
bacteria
viruses
spore forms
can be achieved through application of steam,
chemical vapor sterilization, ______ sterilization
and _____ _____ gas sterilization.
Sterilization
dry heat, ethylene oxide gas
Moist heat in the form of saturated steam under
pressure is the sterilant used in the steam sterilizer (autoclave). _________ of medical devices is the least time consuming, and the preferred,
method of sterilization for heat and moisture stable medical devices.
Steam Sterilization
Moist heat in the form of saturated steam under
pressure is the _____ used in the _______ (_______). Steam sterilization of medical devices is the least time consuming, and the preferred, method of sterilization for heat and moisture stable medical devices.
sterilant, steam sterilizer, autoclave
Unsaturated chemical vapor (a mixture of alcohol, water, ketones, and formaldehyde heated under pressure) is a typical sterilant used in this method of sterilization.
Chemical Vapor Sterilization
Hot air is the sterilant used in the dry heat
sterilizer (_______). It is a slow process
because it depends upon higher temperatures to incinerate microorganisms.
Dry Heat Sterilization, hot air oven
This method of sterilization is used for heat-stable, moisture-sensitive, or steam impermeable medical devices and products.
Dry Heat Sterilization
is the sterilant used in the dry heat
sterilizer (hot air oven). It is a slow process
because it depends upon higher temperatures to incinerate microorganisms.
hot air
is the sterilant used for gas sterilization.
Ethylene Oxide (EtO)
This method of sterilization is used for heat-sensitive items.
Ethylene Oxide Sterilization
STERILITY CHECK
- Check for the expiration or sterilization date
- Indicator color change
- General condition of wrapper and how it had
been stored - Always check for holes or moisture damage
The tape that seals this pack was originally a plain, light color. The stripes appeared on the tape when conditions for sterility were achieved.
Sterility indicators
The strips below each package show the way they looked before sterilization. The strips on the packages have changed color because they have been sterilized.
Sterilized packages
the procedure used to prevent contamination of
microbes before surgery
surgical asepsis
