Med Administration And Sample Collection

Question 1

Oral administration types

Answer 1

Pills, tablets, liquid, and orogastric intubation

Question 2

How to measure the length of a orogastric tube

Answer 2

Measure from the tip of the nose to the 13th rib for medication and fluid. Measure to the 8th rib for feeding

Question 3

Transdermal types

Answer 3

Ointment, patches, liquid, creams

Question 4

Topical ophthalmic types

Answer 4

Eye drops and ointments

Question 5

Aural types

Answer 5

Ear drops, ointments, liquids

Question 6

Intrarectal types

Answer 6

Suppositories, enemas, tube and syringe

Question 7

Intranasal

Answer 7

Vaccine dispensers and/or pipette

Question 8

Intradermal

Answer 8

Local anesthetic injections and allergy skin testing.
Injected into a fold of skin

Question 9

Subcutaneous injection

Answer 9

Injected under the skin

Question 10

Intramuscular

Answer 10

Injected into the muscles

Question 11

Intravenous

Answer 11

Injected into the vein

Question 12

Intratracheal

Answer 12

Injected into the trachea followed by air and saline to disperse the medication

Question 13

Intraosseous

Answer 13

Injected directly into bone marrow

Question 14

Intraperitoneal

Answer 14

Injected directly into the abdominal cavity

Question 15

Thoracocentesis

Answer 15

procedure that may be used to diagnose or treat pleural filling defects. It can remove air and fluid that may compress the lungs

Question 16

Abdominocentesis

Answer 16

a procedure that involves aspiration of fluid from the abdominal cavity for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes

Question 17

Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage

Answer 17

infusion of fluid into the abdomen followed by retrieval of the fluid for laboratory analysis. This procedure has greater diagnostic accuracy than abdominocentesis and may be considered when the abdominocentesis result is negative

Question 18

Transtracheal Wash

Answer 18

Transtracheal lavage and aspiration provide a means of obtaining samples from the tracheobronchial tree that is uncontaminated by the oral cavity for culture and cytologic examination.

Question 19

Arthrocentesis

Answer 19

aspiration of fluid from a joint to establish and differentiate the diagnosis of joint disease in the dog or cat, synovial fluid analysis is essential.

Question 20

Bone Marrow Aspiration

Answer 20

performed to evaluate the cells in bone marrow.

Question 21

How to give an Intradermal injection

Answer 21

Lift a fold of skin, use a 25-27 gauge needle and a 1mL syringe, insert needle and inject

Question 22

How to give subcutaneous injection

Answer 22

Injection sites- dorsolateral region from the neck to the hips

fold of skin is tented, and the needle is inserted at the base of and parallel to the long axis of the fold.

Question 23

How to give an intramuscular injection

Answer 23

Isolate the muscle between fingers and thumb, and a 22- to 25-gauge needle attached to a syringe is embedded in the muscle. Check for blood, if present start over at another site

Question 24

4 types of IV caths

Answer 24

OTN- over the needle
TTN- through-the-needle
Multilumen- two to three separate lumina in one catheter
Butterfly

Question 25

Intraosseous sites

Answer 25

tibia, femur, humerus, and, occasionally, the iliac wing or the ischium

Question 26

Intraperitoneal steps

Answer 26

An 18- to 22-gauge needle or catheter is inserted into the abdominal cavity on the ventral midline, a few centimeters caudal to the umbilicus after which a syringe is attached and aspiration performed. If the needle is in the proper location in the peritoneal cavity, no blood or fluid will be aspirated into the syringe.

Question 27

Thoracocentesis steps

Answer 27

The patient may sta the catheter will be inserted just cranial to the rib and in the caudal aspect of the intercostal space. With the catheter perpendicular to the chest wall, the catheter is advanced gradually through the chest wall until a flash of fluid is seen in the hub or a pop is felt. Once in the thoracic cavity, the catheter is advanced over the needle a few millimeters so that the needle no longer extends beyond the catheter

Question 28

Thoracocentesis complications and post care

Answer 28

pneumothorax, lung laceration, and laceration of an intercostal vessel or internal thoracic artery leading to hypovolemia secondary to hemothorax.

Postthoracocentesis nursing care includes close observation, respiratory rate measurement, auscultation of lung sounds, and measurement of oxygen saturation with a pulse oximeter. Laboratory samples may be submitted for cell count, total protein (TP), cytologic examination, biochemical analysis (e.g., triglycerides, glucose, lactate), and culture and sensitivity.

Question 29

Abdominocentesis steps

Answer 29

performed at the right, midabdominal region and local anesthesia is not usually necessary. An area several inches in diameter is clipped and surgically prepped. The patient may be standing or may be placed in sternal or lateral recumbency.

Using aseptic technique, the needle is gently introduced into the peritoneal cavity. Aspirate fluid.
Rotation of the needle or placement of a second needle into the abdomen 2 cm from the first can stimulate fluid flow.

If no fluid is retrieved, the procedure should be repeated in one or two other locations. As an alternative, abdominocentesis can be performed with an 18- to 20-gauge OTN catheter.

Question 30

Arthrocentesis steps

Answer 30

place the animal in lateral recumbency. Prep sites.
joint space to be entered is palpated with the index finger before introducing the needle attached to the syringe. Insert the needle, aspirate sample. The suction should always be released before the needle is withdrawn to prevent contamination (blood) from the skin, SC tissues, and synoviuml.

Question 31

Arthrocentesis sites

Answer 31

arthrocentesis in the dog and cat include the distal joints, including carpus, tarsus, and stifle

Question 32

Gross appearance of synovial fluid

Answer 32

A normal synovial fluid sample consists of a small volume of about 0.05 to 0.3 mL colorless, clear, and viscous fluid.

Yellow-tinged fluid is a result of previous hemorrhage with release of hemoglobin pigments into the joint fluid (inflammatory, degenerative, and traumatic joint disease). If RBCs or white blood cells (WBCs) or both are present in excess, an increase in turbidity or lack of clarity is observed.

A normal joint sample will form a long string between the needle and the slide; occasionally, poor viscosity is observed in degenerative or traumatized joints. In addition, the drop on the slide should remain global, rather than dispersing over the slide. A thin, runny consistency is a frequent, consistent finding in inflammatory disorders.