Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lab Ns > Med 4 > Flashcards

Med 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Subarachnoid space

A
  • The space between Arachnoid matter and Pia mater

- Contains cerebrospinal fluid and major blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Bleeding in the basal cisterns

Bleeding in the subarachnoid spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does the Subarachnoid hemorrhage appears on CT scan?

A

Appears as hyperdense area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage Appears as hyperdense area on CT scan:

A

 Surrounding the brain stem
 In the Sylvian (lateral) fissure
 Anterior interhemispheric fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Basal cisterna:

A

 Dilatation of the subarachnoid space

 Found mainly around the brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the four main basal cisterna?

A

1- Anterior: interpeduncular cistern
2- Posterior: quadrigeminal cistern
3- Lateral: two ambient cisterna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

شكل الsubarachnoid haemorrhage

A

Diffuse sunburst appearance

Star sign = “death star”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Epidural hemorrhage

A

Banana-like hemorrhage

Concave along the convexity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Subdural hemorrhage

A

Lemon-like hemorrhage

Biconvex hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Signs and symptoms of SAH

A

Headache
Nausea and vomiting
Drowsiness and loss of consciousness
Meningeal signs are positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Headache

A

Headache is the main presenting symptom
Described as the worst headache in the entire life
Sudden onset thunderclap headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Meningeal signs are positive:

A

 Nuchal rigidity
 Kernig’s sign
 Brudzinski’s sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Kernig sign:

A

Supine
Knee is flexed to 90 degrees
Hip is flexed to 90 degrees
Extension of the knee is painful or limited in extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Brudzinski sign:

A

Passive flexion of neck

Patient: elicits hip and knee flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of SAH

A

Traumatic

Spontaneous (non-traumatic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the most common cause of SAH in general is

A

Traumatic

17
Q

Spontaneous (non-traumatic)

A 
Berry (saccular) aneurysm
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
18
Q

the most common cause of spontaneous SAH is

A

Berry (saccular) aneurysm

19
Q

the 2nd most common cause of spontaneous SAH

A

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

20
Q

The most common artery to be affected by berry (saccular) aneurysm

A

 In general: anterior communicating artery
 In the anterior circulation: anterior communicating artery
 In the posterior circulation: tip of basilar artery

21
Q

The most important factor in development and rupture of aneurysms and in stroke is

A

HTN

22
Q

Types of aneurysms

A

Saccular aneurysm

Fusiform aneurysm

23
Q

Saccular aneurysm:

A

associated with SAH

24
Q

Fusiform aneurysm:

A

associated with dissection of ICA

25
Q

Diagnosis of SAH

A

The golden standard investigation is non-contrast CT scan

If non-contrast CT is inconclusive then we do lumbar puncture (LP)

26
Q

The golden standard investigation is non-contrast CT scan:

A

 Can detect SAH in 95 – 96% in the first 48 hours

 In 4-5% of cases, CT scan to be normal (doesn’t exclude SAH)

27
Q

If non-contrast CT is inconclusive then we do lumbar puncture (LP):

A

To confirm the diagnosis of SAH if non-contrast CT is normal

28
Q

What we will find when we do LP?

A 
Blood is uniform in all tubes 
RBC count is also uniform
Blood doesn’t clot on standing 
Pink or yellow supernatant 
Increased CSF pressure
Increased CSF protein
29
Q

Investigation to determine the cause of SAH

A

4 Vessel angiograms (conventional carotid and cerebral angiography)
MRA (Magnetic resonance angiography)
CTA (Computed Tomography Angiogram)

30
Q

procedure of choice for evaluation of brain aneurysm

A

4 Vessel angiograms (conventional carotid and cerebral angiography

31
Q

The main complications of SAH

A
  • Re-bleeding

- Vasospasm

32
Q

Management of aneurysm

A

Surgical clipping

Endovascular coiling

33
Q

Surgical clipping:

A

 The first option in treatment of aneurysm
 A surgical clip can be applied to the neck of the
aneurysm
 A surgical clip will separate the aneurysm from
the circulation

34
Q

Endovascular coiling:

A

 The second option in treatment of aneurysm
 The sac of aneurysm is obliterated by insertion
of surgical coils
 A surgical coil will separate the aneurysm from
the circulation

Lab Ns (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions