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Science > Mechines Final > Flashcards

Mechines Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is a simple machine

A

It tool or device made up of one basic machine

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2
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a lever

A

Advantage you can move a much larger load than by hand. Disadvantages, you must move a greater distance than the load does

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3
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a pulley

A

Advantages: you can lift heavy loads, you can take things straight up while pulling down
Disadvantages, it takes a lot more time to pull up a load that has been lightened (by the MA)

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4
Q

What are the three classes of levers

A

The first is where thefulcrum is in between the resistance force and the effort. A second-class lever is where the resistance force is in between effort and the fulcrum. A third class lever is when the effort force is in between the fulcrum and the resistance force

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5
Q

What is mechanical advantage

A

The amount by which a machine can multiply force

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6
Q

How do you calculate actual mechanical advantage

A

MA=output force
————–
input force

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7
Q

How do you calculate the ideal mechanical advantage of a lever

A

length of resistance arm

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8
Q

How do you calculate the ideal mechanical advantage of a pulley

A

Count the supporting strings

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9
Q

What is the ideal mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle

A

The radius of the wheel divided by the radius of the axle

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10
Q

What is the ideal mechanical vantage of an inclined plane

A

height of ramp

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11
Q

What is speed ratio

A

A measure of how the speed of the object is affected by a machine

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12
Q

I how do you calculate speed ratio

A

output distance

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13
Q

What is efficiency

A

A measure of how well a machine uses/converts energy

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14
Q

How do you calculate efficiency

A

MA
—- x 100
SR

Work output

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15
Q

What is a complex machine

A

A system in which simple machines all work together

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16
Q

What are the six simple machines

A

Lever inclined plane wedge screw pulley wheel and axle

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17
Q

What are hydraulics

A

A hydraulic system uses a liquid under pressure to move loads

18
Q

What is pascals law?

A

When pressure is applied to a liquid in a container pressure and force is transmitted equally throughout the liquid

19
Q

What is one pascal?

A

The force of one Newton over an area of 1m2

20
Q

What I the difference between the input and output Pistons?

A

The input piston is used to apply the force to the liquid which created pressure in the fluid. The output piston applies force to move load

21
Q

What provides the MA in hydraulic systems?

A

The fluid pressure

22
Q

What do hydraulic systems allow?

A

You to use a smaller force on a smaller piston to produce a large force on a large piston

23
Q

Give an example of how to calculate pressure in hydraulic systems

A

Fin Fout
—- = —–
Ain Aout

Cross multiply and divide

24
Q

What is the cost of the mechanical advantage of hydraulic systems?

A

The smaller input piston must move a greater distance to increase the force on the larger output piston

25
Q

What is the difference between effective and efficient?

A

Effective is does it complete the task or do the job? Efficient is how well it can do that. Efficiency can relate to time, environmental reasons, storage etc.

26
Q

How do you calculate work?

A

Work is calculated by Force x Distance

27
Q

How do you calculate the efficiency of something?

A 
You devide MA
                   ----- x 100
                     SR
Or work input
    ------------
     Work output
And no matter what the equation says to do, always put the smaller number over the bigger number because your efficiency cannot be more than 100%
28
Q

What are the units for work?

A

Jules (J)

29
Q

What is the units for efficiency?

A

Percentage (%)

30
Q

What is the units for force?

A

Newtons (N)

31
Q

What is the units for MA?

A

Nothing, it has no unit

32
Q

What is the units for distance?

A

Meters (M)

33
Q

What is classified as work?

A

When you move something from one place to another

34
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a screw?

A

Advantages:it helps you increase the force you use. It can penetrate materials by using a relatively small force
Disadvantage: screws move objects very slowlyy

35
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a wheel and axle?

A

Advantages:The wheel and axle multiplies your power or increase the size of your force
Disadvantage: you have to turn a greater distance (large wheel) to apply the force

36
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of an inclined plane?

A

Advantages: makes it possible to lift heavy objects using a smaller force
Disadvantage: you have to exert the force over a greater distance than by just lifting it up. When the ramp is steep it’s hard to control the motion of the object

37
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a wedge?

A

Advantage:it increases the force that you apply to the object
Disadvantage: the wedge can only be used in one direction (to push the objects apart)

38
Q

What does work input and work output mean?

A

Work input is the work done by you (lifting something by hand)
Work output is the work done by the machine (lifting something with a pulley)

39
Q

What is the difference between multiplying an reducing gears?

A

A multiplying Gera is when the big gear is the motor and the small gear is the driven gear (more speed less power)
A reducing gear is when the small wheel is the motors and the big gear is the driven gear (less speed more power)

40
Q

How does friction effect efficiency

A

All machines lose some energy as it is used. Energy is usually lost as heat due to friction. The more energy that is lost the less efficient the machine

41
Q

What is the difference between function and design

A

Function is what it object is supposed to do and the design is the shape of an object that makes it usable. Do you have to make sure that the design fits the function

Science (2 decks)

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