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Gen Path > Mechanisms of Microbial Infections Part II > Flashcards

Mechanisms of Microbial Infections Part II Flashcards

Viruses, Protozoa, Prions

1
Q

Difference between susceptible and permissive cells?

A

Susceptible cells can be infected, permissive cells can be infected and allow replication (usually die)

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2
Q

What’s a DNA vrus that does not replicate in the nucleus?

A

Poxvirus

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3
Q

What’s an RNA virus that does not replicate in the cytoplasm?

A

Orthomyxovirus (influenza)

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4
Q

Viruses that infect target cell through apical membrane? Basolateral membrane?

A

Influenza, IBR; Parvovirus

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5
Q

What toxin is secreted by rotavirus? What does it cause?

A

NSP4 toxin; indirect cytotoxicity

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6
Q

What type of mutation usually causes antigenic drift?

A

Missense

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7
Q

What kind of viruses can recombine? Reassort?

A

DNA and RNA viruses; only segmented RNA viruses

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8
Q

Most important host defense mechanisms against viruses (2)?

A

Cell-mediated immunity
Interferons- inhibit translation of virus

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9
Q

How do interferons work?

A

Stimulate synthesis of proteins that block virus attachment, entry, etc.
Stimulate genome to undergo apoptosis
Activate immune cells

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10
Q

What phase of cell cycle does parvovirus target?

A

S phase

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11
Q

Parvo receptor in cats? Dogs?

A

Transferrin receptor and neuraminic acid
Transferrin receptor

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12
Q

Alphaherpesvirus ligands and receptors; where does it enter the cell?

A

Ligands: Envelope glycoproteins B, C, D
Receptors: Herpesvirus entry mediator A, nectin 1 and 2, 3-O sulfated heparan sulfate; apical surface

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13
Q

What type of cells are targeted by Malignant Catarrhal Fever?

A

CD8+ T cells

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14
Q

Coronavirus ligands and receptors; where does it enter the cell?

A

Ligands: Envelope S (spike) protein
Receptors: Sialic acid, Aminopeptidase N
Apical surface of villous enterocytes

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15
Q

Mutated coronavirus ligands and receptors; cell target?

A

Ligands: Envelope S1 and S2 proteins
Receptors: Feline aminopeptidase N on monocytes/macrophages

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16
Q

Rotavirus ligands? Where does it enter the cell? Exotoxin produced

A

Ligands: Capsid VP4, VP7
Apical surface of enterocytes
NSP4 enterotoxin

17
Q

Aphthovirus (FMD) ligands and receptor?

A

Capsid VP1-4
Alpha integrins

18
Q

Bovine pestivirus (BVD, mucosal disease) ligands and receptors?

A

Envelope E1 and E2 glycoproteins
CD46

19
Q

Swine pestivirus (classical swine fever, hog cholera) ligands and receptors

A

Envelope Erns and E2 glycoproteins
GAGs on heparan sulfate

20
Q

Canine distemper (morbillivirus) ligands and receptors; how do they form syncytia?

A

Ligands: Envelope hemagglutinin and fusion glycoproteins
Receptors: CD150 (SLAM) on lymphocytes, Nectin-4 on epithelium; Fusion protein bind CD9 transmembrane protein on host

21
Q

Different features of rinderpest?

A

GI mostly
Form syncytia in crypts of GI
Targets basolateral surface of enterocytes

22
Q

Influenza (orthomyxovirus) ligands and receptors? Other feature

A

Envelope hemagglutinin for entry, neuraminidase for shedding
Host receptor: Sialic acid
Neuraminidase destroys glycoprotein decoy receptors in mucus

23
Q

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (pneumovirus) ligands and receptors

A

Envelope glycoprotein G for attachment, F for fusion
Host receptor: GAGs

24
Q

Virulence factor of African Horse Sickness (reovirus)

A

NS3- protein inserted in host cell membrane

25
Q

Rabies (lyssavirus) ligand and receptor

A

Envelope G protein
Neurotransmitter receptors

26
Q

Small ruminant lentivirus receptor (OPP/Maedi Visna, CAE) and pathogenesis

A

SRLV receptors A and B; infects monocytes, replicates once enters tissue and matures, so you get granulomatous inflammation

27
Q

Equine infectious Anemia (lentivirus) ligands and receptor; pathogenesis

A

Envelope gp120, gp90
Equine lentivirus receptor-1
Infects monocytes and macrophages, causes type II hypersensitivity with hemolysis (virus forms haptens on RBCs)

28
Q

Enzootic bovine lymphoma (retrovirus) ligands and oncogenesis mechanism

A

Envelope gp51, gp30
Gene transactivation- expresses BLV tax protein (p34tax) to stimulate proliferation of infected B cells

29
Q

Feline leukemia virus ligands and three types and differences

A

Surface glycoprotein and transmembrane protein
FeLV A- transmissible
FeLV B- arises through recombination (antigenic shift)
FeLV C- arises through antigenic drift

30
Q

Toxoplasma gondii ligands and host receptors; what does it produce?

A

SAGs
Laminin, lectin
IL-10 and TGF beta

31
Q

What is the normal prion? The abnormal prion?

32
Q

How do prions get to their target location?

A

M cells, Peyer’s patches
Lymphoid spread via FDCs to nerves
Retrograde axonal transport

33
Q

How does PrPSc cause disease?

A

Converts PrPc to beta sheet rich insoluble form, does not cause inflammation

Gen Path (14 decks)

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