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Med Micro Chapter 2 Disease > Mechanisms of Disease > Flashcards

Mechanisms of Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Acid Fast Stains

A

A bacterial staining procedure in which application of acid alcohol does not cause decolorization, maintaining a dark stain

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2
Q

Aerobic

A

In the presence of oxygen

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3
Q

Anaerobic

A

In the absence of oxygen

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4
Q

A sexual Reproduction

A

Without sex, a mode of reproduction in which offspring arise from a single parent

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5
Q

Antibiotic

A

A natural or synthetic substance that destroys microorganisms or inhibits their growth to prevent or treat infection in plants, animals, and humans

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6
Q

Bactericidal

A

Capable of killing bacteria

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7
Q

automated

A

To install automatic procedures

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8
Q

bacilli

A

A genus of gram positive, spore forming. Often aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Bacillaceae, that exist singly or in chains and mostly inhibit soil and water

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9
Q

Bacteriology

A

Inhibiting the growth of bacteria

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10
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Inhibiting the growth of bacteria

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11
Q

Broad-spectrum drug

A

Drugs that act on a wide range of disease causing bacteria

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12
Q

Binary Fission

A

A method of asexual reproduction in which DNA is replicated and the cell splits into two genetically identical daughter cells

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13
Q

Broth Dilution

A

A process of taking a known concentration and doing several serial dilutions to determine the lowest concentration needed to inhibit or kill bacteria

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14
Q

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

A

The fluid surrounding the brain and the spinal cord. A lumbar puncture or spinal tap can be performed to sample CSF Fluid to test for the presence of microorganisms

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15
Q

Capsule

A

A sheath of continuous enclosure around an organ or structure

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16
Q

Cocci

A

A bacterial type that is spherical or ovoid

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17
Q

Comparative Research

A

A research methodology in the social sciences that aims to make comparisons across different countries or cultures

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18
Q

Culture and Sensitivity Test (C&S)

A

A diagnostic lab procedure used to identify the types of bacteria or fungi and to determine which antimicrobials can successfully fight an infection by collecting urine, blood, or other body fluid and culturing it in a medium and analyzing for antimicrobial susceptibility

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19
Q

Dependent Variable

A

A variable whose value depends on that of another, what is being observed in an experiment

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20
Q

Descriptive Research

A

Used to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied

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21
Q

Empiric Theory

A

Used of antimicrobials to treat infection before the specific causative organism has been identified with laboratory test

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22
Q

Endotoxins

A

A lipopolysaccharide that is part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria released after the cell’s death

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23
Q

Experimental Research

A

Experiment where the researcher manipulates one variable, and controls/randomizes the rest of the variable

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24
Q

Flagella

A

Threadlike structures that provide motility for certain bacteria and protozoa and for spermatozoa

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25
Q

Genus

A

In taxonomy, the classification between the family and the species

26
Q

Glycocalyx

A

A thin layer of glycoprotein and oligosaccharides on the outer surface of cell membranes that contributes to cell adhesion and forms antigens involved in self recognition of “self”

27
Q

Gram Stain

A

A method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups (gram-positive and gram-negative) based on chemical and physical properties of their cell wall

28
Q

Disk Diffusion

A

A test that uses antibiotic-impregnated wafers to test whether particular bacteria are susceptible to specific antibiotics

29
Q

Exotoxin

A

A poisonous substance produced by certain bacteria

30
Q

Health Care Associated Infections (HAI’s)

A

Infections patients get while receiving medical treatment

31
Q

Independant Variable

A

A variable whose variation does not depend on that of another; what is being tested or changed in an experiment

32
Q

Incubation

A

The interval between exposure to an infection and the appearance of first symptoms

33
Q

Infection Control and Prevention

A

Policies and procedures used to minimize the risk of spreading infections, especially in hospitals and human or animal health care facilities

34
Q

Medical Microbiology

A

A branch of medicine and microbiology that deals with the study of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, and parasites that are of medical importance and are capable of causing infectious diseases in human beings

35
Q

Morphology

A

The science of structure and form of microorganisms without regard to function

36
Q

Microbiology

A

The scientific study of microorganisms that is of bacteria, fungi, intracellular parasites, protozoans, viruses and some worms

37
Q

Mycology

A

The science and study of fungi

38
Q

Narrow-spectrum Drug

A

Effective against specific families of bacteria

39
Q

Normal Flora

A

Mixture of bacteria normally found at specific body sites

40
Q

Pathogenic

A

Productive of disease

41
Q

Parasitology

A

The study of parasites and parasitism

42
Q

Opportunistic Infections

A

Any infection that results from a defective immune system that cannot defend against pathogens normally found in the environment

43
Q

Resistance

A

A lack of response of a pathogen to treatment such as antibiotic therapy

44
Q

Science

A

Knowledge about or study of the natural world based on facts learned through experiments and observation

45
Q

scientific Inquiry

A

The activities through which individuals develop knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, as well as an understanding of how scientist study the natural world

46
Q

Scientific Hypothesis

A

The initial building block in the scientific method. Many describe it as an “educated guess” based on prior knowledge and observation as to the cause of a particular phenomenon

47
Q

Serology

A

The scientific study of fluid components of the blood, especially antigens and antibodies

48
Q

Scientific Theories

A

A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is acquired through the scientific method and repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation

49
Q

Social Ethics

A

The philosophical or moral principles that, in one way or another, represent the collective experience of people and cultures

50
Q

Species

A

A category of classification for living organisms; group is just below the genus

51
Q

Spores

A

Cells produced by fungi for reproduction; a resistant cell produced by bacteria to withstand extreme heat or cold or dehydration

52
Q

Spirilla

A

Flagellated aerobic bacteria with an elongated spiral shape, spiral, of the genus Spirillum

53
Q

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

A

Infection of the kidneys, ureters, or bladder by microorganisms that either ascend from the urethra or spread to the kidney from the bloodstream

54
Q

Virology

A

The study of viruses and viral disease

55
Q

Virulence

A

The relative power and degree of pathology possessed by organisms

56
Q

Pathogenic

A

Productive of disease

57
Q

Morphology

A

The science of structure and form of organisms without regard to function

58
Q

Virulence

A

The relative power and degree of pathology possessed by organisms

59
Q

Scientific Hypothesis

A

The initial building block in the scientific method. Many describe it as an “educated guess” based on prior knowledge and observation as to the cause of a particular phenomenon

60
Q

Dependent Variables

A

A variable (often denoted by y) whose value depends on that of another; what is being observed without experiment

Med Micro Chapter 2 Disease (1 decks)

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