Mechanisms Of Disease 1: Cell Growth And Cell Differentiation Flashcards
What are the basic mechanisms for turning a zygote into a mature multicellular organism?
Cell growth and differentiation.
What are the key differences between cell growth and differentiation?
Cell growth is first. It produces a larger organism and more cells whereas cell differentiation is the second step and the cells become complex - with an end to growth usually
Cell growth and differentiation have…
…some overlap.
Disease related cell growth and differentiation into how many groups.
Name and explain the different groups and give examples.
3 Groups:
Developmental conditions - can be related to cell growth defects or differentiation defects (or both). Neural tube defects like spina bifida
Neoplasia (and metaplasia) - Cancer, Tumors
Others - cardiac hypertrophy
What is spina bifida?
Incomplete closing of the spine
What is metaplasia?
Transformation of 1 cell into another
What is pathological metaplasia?
Benign tumour growth associated with the transformation of 1 cell into another
What is pathological metaplasia?
Benign tumour growth associated with the transformation of 1 cell into another.
What is desired metaplasia?
Transformation of 1 cell type into another in the maturation of cells in the uterus
How many forms of cell growth are there?
2
What are the main forms of cell growth?
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
What is hypertrophy?
Production of bigger cells
What is hyperplasia?
Cell growth in terms of more cells (abundance)
What type of cell growth is the main type of cell growth?
Hyperplasia
How is cell growth balanced?
Cell death and cell cycle arrest
