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Pharm 825 > Mechanisms of Action > Flashcards

Mechanisms of Action Flashcards

Learn how the things do the thing.

1
Q

SGLT2i

-flozin

A

Inhibits SGLT2 transporter in the kidneys, promoting glucose excretion.
Side effects- Weight loss, UTIs, Yeast infection
Low risk for hypoglycemia

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2
Q

GLP 1 agonist

-tide

A

-Stimulates insulin synthesis/ release in the presence of glucose
-Decreases glucagon secretion
-Slows gastric emptying
-Promotes Satiety and weight loss
Side effects- weight loss, nausea, vomiting
Low risk of hypoglycemia

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3
Q

Biguanide

A

Activates cAMP kinase
-Increases glucose uptake in peripheral tissues
-Decreases hepatic glucose production
-Decreases intestinal absorption of glucose
Side effects- B12 deficiency, D/C if GFR is low, weight neutral
No hypoglycemic risk

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4
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

Stimulates insulin release from Beta cells by binding to sulfonylurea receptors on ATP sensitive K+ channels
Side effects- Hypoglycemia and Weight gain

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5
Q

Metaglitinides

A

Stimulates insulin release from beta cells by binding to SUR ATP sensitive K+ Channels. Has a shorter duration and half life than sulfonylureas.
Side effects- Weight gain and Hypoglycemia
Good option for patients with renal impairment

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6
Q

DPP 4 Inhibitors

-gliptin

A

-Prevents the degradation of incretin hormones (GLP-1 and GIP)
-Stimulates the release/ Synthesis of insulin in the presence of glucose
-Inhibits glucagon secretion
Side effects- Weight neutral well tolerated overall
Low risk of hypoglycemia

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7
Q

Amylin Analog

A

-Decreases the secretion of glucagon
-Slows gastric emptying
-Increases satiety
Side effects- Weight loss, Nausea, Vomiting
Be careful if patient is already taking insulin!

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8
Q

Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors

A

-Inhibits alpha glucosidase enzyme in GI tract to prevent the break down of complex carbs
-Delays the rise of blood glucose levels after meals
** Does not inhibit glucose absorption or insulin release**
Side effects- tolerated well, some GI upset
CI- IBS, GI, Kidney/ Liver disease

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9
Q

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

-azone

A

Selective agonist for PPARy, sensitizing tissues to insulin
-Stimulates adiponectin release
-Increasing glucose uptake via GLUT 4 transporter
-Decreases hepatic glucose production
Side effect- Fluid retention, weight gain, edema
CI- Chronic heart failure

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10
Q

Amylin Mimetics

A

-Slows gastric emptying
-Suppresses post prandial glucagon secretion
-Reduces food intake
Side effects- Weight loss, hypoglycemia, nausea
** do not use if pt has A1C >9%, or poor insulin adherence**

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11
Q

TNF alpha antagonist

A

Block the inflammatory effects of TNF alpha
Monitoring- Initial TB test, HBV/ HIV testing, CBC
Cons- Injection only, expensive, slow onset

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12
Q

Etanercept

A

Enbrel

Anti-TNF

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13
Q

Abatacept

A

Orencia

Anti-T cell

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14
Q

Anti-T cell

A

Blocks secondary signal for T cell activation

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15
Q

Rituximab

A

Rituxan

Anti-B cell antibody

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16
Q

Anti-B cell Antibody

A

mAb against CD20 on B cells.

Binding to CD20 activates CDCC and ADCC to kill B cells

17
Q

Golimumab

A

Simponi

Anti-TNF

18
Q

Anakinra

A

Kineret

IL-1 Receptor Antagonist

19
Q

Tocilizumab

A

Actemra

IL-6 Receptor Antagonist

20
Q

IL-6 Receptor Antagonist

A

Humanized mAB against IL-6 receptor blocking binding

21
Q

Hydroxychloroquine

A

Plaquenil
Anti-inflammatory- agent inhibits immune cell trafficking, may decrease T cells and reduce immune response to self proteins.
Monitoring eye exam before starting therapy
Retinal toxicity (Retinopathy)

22
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

Azulfidine
Anti-inflammatory agent
Prodrug cleaves into 5-ASA (active drug) which reduces inflamation
Monitoring
ADE- Yellow/ Orange skin, GI effects, Leukopenia, Anemia

23
Q

Leflunomide

A 
Arava
Anti-inflammatory agent
Prodrug inhibits DHODH and uridine synthesis. Limits T cell proliferation, ad B cell antibody production. 
Monitoring- LFTs, ALT, CBC
***make sure that pt is not pregnant***
24
Q

Infliximab

A

Inflectra
Anti-TNF
half life 102hrs

25
Q

Tofacitinib

A

Xeljanz
JAK Inhibitor which decreases cytokine mediated gene expression. Decreasing NK cells.
Monitoring- LFTs, Infection, CBC, Hemoglobin

26
Q

Adalimumab

A

Humira

Anti-TNF alpha

27
Q

Methotrexate

A

Trexall
Anti-inflammatory agent
Folate analog inhibits AICAR T’ase enzyme. Leading to an increase of adenosine. Adenosine binding to adenosine in broadly anti-inflammatory
Monitoring- LFTs, CBC, Bilirubin, Albumin, Creatinine

28
Q

Certolizumab

A

Cimzia

Anti-TNF alpha

29
Q

Cymbalta

A

Duloxetine

SNRI, can be used in treatment of OA

30
Q

Hyaluronic Acid (HA)

A

Viscous supplement that helps reduce friction between joints. Usually given after intra-articular injections

Pharm 825 (4 decks)

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