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A2 Chemistry > mechanisms in chemistry > Flashcards

mechanisms in chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

REACTION: alkene to alkyl hydrogen sulfate:
reagent?
functional groups?
type of reaction?

A
  • conc H2SO4
  • C=C —> R-O-SO2OH
  • electrophilic addition
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2
Q

REACTION: alkene –> halogenoalkane
reagent?
functional groups?
type of reaction?

A
  • HX or X2
  • C=C –> R-X
  • electrophilic addition
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3
Q 
REACTION: alkene --> alkane 
reagent?
conditions?
functional groups?
type of reaction?
A
  • H2
  • Ni, 200 degrees (Celcius)
  • C=C –> C-C
  • electrophilic addition
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4
Q 
REACTION: Nitrile --> Amine 
reagent?
conditions?
functional groups?
type of reaction?
A
  • H2
  • Ni, 200 degrees (Celcius)
  • R-CN —> R-NH2
  • electrophilic addition
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5
Q 
REACTION: alkane ---> halogenoalkane 
reagent?
condition?
functional groups?
type of reaction?
A
  • Halogen (X2)
  • UV light
  • C-C –> R-X
  • free radical substitution
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6
Q 
REACTION: Halogenoalkane --> Amine 
Reagent?
Condition?
functional groups?
type of reaction?
A
  • NH3
  • heat
  • R-X –> R-NH2
  • nucleophilic substitution
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7
Q 
REACTION: halogenoalkane --> alcohol
reagent?
condition?
functional groups?
type of reaction?
A
  • NaOH
  • aqueous
  • R-X —> R-OH
  • nucleophilic substitution
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8
Q 
REACTION: halogenoalkane --> Nitrile 
reagent?
condition?
functional groups?
type of reaction?
A
  • KCN
  • ethanolic, heat
  • R-X –> R-CN
  • nucleophilic substitution
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9
Q

REACTION: aldehyde/ketone —> hydroxynitrile
reagent?
functional groups?
type of reaction?

A
  • KCN
  • CHO or R-O-R —> HO-R-CN
  • nucleophilic addition
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10
Q

REACTION: acyl chloride (or acid anhydride) —> Ester (and Carboxylic acid)
reagent?
functional groups?
type of reaction?

A
  • alcohol
  • R-COCl –> COO
  • nucelophilic addition-elimination (acylation)
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11
Q

REACTION: acyl chloride (acid anhydride) –> N-substituted amide (and COOH)
reagent?
functional groups?
type of reaction?

A
  • primary amine
  • R-COCl –> R-ONH-R
  • nucleophilic addition-elimination (acylation )
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12
Q

REACTION: acyl chloride (acid anhydride) –> amine (and COOH)
reagent?
functional groups?
type of reaction?

A
  • NH3
  • R-COCl –> R-ONH2
  • Nucleophilic addition-elimination (acylation)
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13
Q

REACTION: Acyl chloride (and acid anhydride) –> COOH x2
reagent?
functional groups?
type of reaction?

A
  • H2O
  • R-COCl –> COOH
  • nucleophilic addition-elimination (acylation)
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14
Q 
Reaction: primary alcohol --> aldehyde 
reagent?
condition?
functional groups?
type of reaction?
A
  • K2Cr2O7, H2SO4
  • heat
  • R-OH –> CHO
  • oxidation
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15
Q 
Reaction: secondary alcohol --> Ketone 
reagent?
condition?
functional groups?
type of reactIon?
A
  • K2Cr2O7, H2SO4
  • heat
  • R-OH-R –> R-O-R
  • oxidation
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16
Q 
Reaction: primary alcohol --> Carboxylic acid
reagent?
condition?
functional groups?
type of reaction?
A
  • K2Cr2O7, H2SO4
  • heat
  • R-OH –> COOH
  • oxidation
17
Q 
REACTION: aldehyde --> carboxylic acid
reagent?
condition?
functional groups?
type of reaction?
A
  • tollens or fehlings
  • heat
  • CHO –> COOH
  • oxidation
18
Q

REACTION: Nitrile –> Amine
reagent?
functional groups?
type of reaction?

A
  • LiAlH4
  • R-CN –> R-NH2
  • Reduction
19
Q 
REACTION: Aldehyde/ketone --> Alcohol 
reagent?
condition?
functional groups?
type of reaction?
A
  • NaBH4
  • H2O (dissolved in water in methanol)
  • CHO or R-O-R –> R-OH
  • Reduction
20
Q 
REACTION: Halogenoalkane --> Alkene
reagent?
condition?
functional groups?
type of reaction?
A
  • KOH
  • Ethanolic, hot
  • R-X –> C=C
  • Elimination
21
Q 
REACTION: Alcohol --> Alkene 
reagent?
condition?
functional groups?
type of reaction?
A
  • Conc H2SO4
  • 180 degrees Celsius
  • R-OH –> C=C
  • Elimination
22
Q 
REACTION: alkene --> alcohol
reagent?
condition?
functional groups?
type of reaction?
A
  • Conc H3PO4
  • high temp and pressure
  • C=C –> R-OH
  • Hydration
23
Q 
REACTION: carboxylic acid --> Ester 
reagent?
condition?
functional groups?
type of reaction?
A
  • alcohol
  • conc sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
  • COOH –> COO
  • esterfication
24
Q 
REACTION: Alcohol ---> ester
reagent?
condition?
functional groups?
type of reaction?
A
  • Carboxylic acid
  • conc H2SO4
  • R-OH –> COO
  • esterification

A2 Chemistry (9 decks)

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