Mechanism Review Flashcards
SN1 Mechanism (Alcohols)
→ Starts with - Tertiary Alcohol
→ Reacts with - HBr and Protic Solvent (CH3CH2OH)
→ PRODUCT = Alkyl Halide
SN1 Mechanism (Alkyl Halide)
→ Starts with - Tertiary Alkyl Halide
→ Reacts with - H2O
→ PRODUCT = Alcohol
SN2 Mechanism (Alcohol)
→ Starts with - Primary Alcohol
→ Reacts with - HBr and Aprotic Solvent (DMSO, Dimethyl Sulfoxide)
→ PRODUCT = Alkyl Halide
SN2 Mechanism (Alkyl Halide)
→ Starts with - Primary Alkyl Halide
→ Reacts with - H2O and DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) → PRODUCT = Alcohol
E1 Mechanism (Alcohol)
→ Starts with - Tertiary Alcohol
→ Reacts with - Strong Acid (H2SO4) and HEAT
→ PRODUCT = Alkene
E1 Mechanism (Alkyl Halide)
→ Starts with - Tertiary Alkyl Halide
→ Reacts with - Weak Base (NaOCH2CH3, OHCH2CH3) and HEAT
→ PRODUCT = Alkene
E2 Mechanism (Alcohol)
→ Starts with - Primary Alcohol
→ Reacts with - Strong Acid (H2SO4) and HEAT
→ PRODUCT = Alkene
E2 Mechanism (Alkyl Halide)
→ Starts with - Primary Alkyl Halide
→ Reacts with - Strong Base (NaOCH2CH3) and HEAT
→ PRODUCT = Alkene
Synthesizing Alkynes Via Elimination
→ Starts with - Geminal or Vicinal Dihalides
→ Reacts with - 2NaNH2, NH3 (Internal) OR 3NaNH2, NH3, H2O (External)
→ PRODUCT = Internal OR Alkyne
Hydrogenation of Alkynes
→ Starts with - Alkyne
→ Reacts with - 2 Mol H2 with Metal Catalyst (Pt, Pd, Nr, Rh) OR 1 Mol H2 with Lindlar’s Catalyst (Pt, Pd, Nr, Rh) OR Na with NH3
→ PRODUCT = Alkene (CIS or TRANS) OR Alkane
Hydrogen Halide Addition of Alkynes
→ Starts with - Alkyne
→ Reacts with - 1 or 2 mol of Hydrogen Halide (ex. HCl)
→ PRODUCT = Alkene or Alkane with Hydrogen Halide
Hydration of Alkynes
→ Starts with - Alkyne
→ Reacts with - H2O, H2SO4, HgSO4
→ PRODUCT = Ketone
Adding Halogens to Alkynes
→ Starts with - Alkyne
→ Reacts with - 1 or 2 Mol Halogens
→ PRODUCT = Alkene with TRANS Halogens OR Alkane with TRANS Halogens
Ozonolysis of Alkynes
→ Starts with - Alkyne
→ Reacts with - 1. O3 2. H2O → PRODUCT = Ozonide
Alkylation of Alkynes
→ Starts with - Alkyne
→ Reacts with - Halogen and Base (H2, NaNH2 or LDA)
→ PRODUCT = New Carbon-Carbon Bond with Alkyne
Free Radical Halogenation of Alkanes
→ Starts with - Alkane and a Halogen (ex. Cl2)
→ Reacts with - HV, UV or HEAT
→ PRODUCT = Alkane with Halogen attached
Free Radical Addition of Hydrogen Halides of Alkenes
→ Starts with - Alkene
→ Reacts with - Hydrogen Halide (alone) OR Hydrogen Halide, UV Light OR Hydrogen Halide, PEROXIDE
→ PRODUCT = Alkane with Halogen attached
Metal Ammonia Reduction of Alkynes
→ Starts with - Alkyne
→ Reacts with - Na, NH3
→ PRODUCT = Alkene
Free Radical Polymerization of Alkenes
→ Starts with - Alkene
→ Reacts with - PEROXIDE, HEAT
→ PRODUCT = Polymer
SN1 Mechanism of Allyl Halides
→ Starts with - Allyl Halide
→ Reacts with - H2O
→ PRODUCT = Allylic Alcohol
Allylic Free Radical Halogenation
→ Starts with - Alkene
→ Reacts with - N-Bromosuccinimide, CCl4, HEAT OR N-Chlorosuccinimide, CCl4, HEAT
→ PRODUCT = Alkane with Bromo or Chloro Halogen attached
Free Radical Halogenation of Alkenes
→ Starts with - Alkene and Halogen (ex. Cl2)
→ Reacts with - HV, UV or HEAT
→ PRODUCT = Alkane with Halogen attached
E1 Mechanism of Dienes
→ Starts with - Alkene and Alcohol
→ Reacts with - Strong Acid (H2SO4), HEAT
→ PRODUCT = Diene
E2 Mechanism of Dienes
→ Starts with - Alkene and Alkyl Halide
→ Reacts with - Strong Base (NaOCH2CH3), HEAT
→ PRODUCT = Diene
1,2 Addition Mechanism
→ Starts with - Diene
→ Reacts with - Hydrogen Halide (ex. HCl)
→ PRODUCT = Alkene with Halogen attached
1,4 Addition Mechanism
→ Starts with - Diene
→ Reacts with - Hydrogen Halide (ex. HCl)
→ PRODUCT = Alkene with Halogen attached