Mechanism of ventilation pt.1 Flashcards
What are the 2 zones of respiratory passage
Conducting zone and respiratory zone
Which generation is each zone
conducting zone: 1-16
Respiratory zone: 17-23
What are the innervations for smooth muscle cells
Parasympathetic N.S (muscarinic receptors): bronchodilatation
Sympathetic N.S (beta 2 adrenergic receptors): bronchoconstriction
What are the 2 layers covering the lungs
Visceral pleura
parietal pleura
what are the functions of the pleural fluid
Prevent lung and chest from being pulled apart
Allows them to easily slide over each other
What happens during excess accumulation of pleural fluid
Pleural effusion
What is the normal respiratory rate for adults and children
Adults: 12-18
children: 30-40
what are the 3 changes in dimensions of the thoracic cage
Longitudinal
transverse
vertical
What is normal breathing called
Eupnea
Why is inhalation active during eupnea
It involves contraction of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
Why is expiration passive during eupnea and how is it achived
No muscle contraction
Achieved by elastic recoil of lungs
What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the diaphragm
Origin: Lower ribs
Insertion: Central tendon
Innervation: Phrenic nerve (C4, 5)
What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the external intercoastal muscles
Origin and insertion: runs down and forwards from rib to rib
Innervation: intercoastal nerves
which dimensions does contraction of external intercoastal muscles increase
Transverse and anteroposterior
What changes during forced breathing
Both inspiration and expiration is active
