Mechanism of Actions

Question 1

Adsorbs toxins and inhibits control for ingestions within an hour

Answer 1

Activated Charcoal

Question 2

Irreversible inhibition of cyclocoxygenase, leading to inhibition of thromboxane A2 formation which inhibits platelet aggregation

Answer 2

Aspirin

Question 3

Calorie/glucose replacement in patients with inadequate oral intake or excess insulin/oral hypoglycemic action

Answer 3

Glucose

Question 4

Forms free radical nitric oxide, ultimately resulting in smooth muscle relaxation and thus vasodilation. Vasodilatory effect is more prominent on the venous than the arterial system, resulting in reduced preload, coronary artery dilation and improved collateral blood flow to ischemic myocardium

Answer 4

Nitroglycerin

Question 5

Anti-inflammatory

Answer 5

Prednisone

Question 6

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle by action on beta 2 receptors

Answer 6

Albuterol

Question 7

Blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation

Answer 7

Ipratropium

Question 8

By slowing AV node conduction time by interrupting AV node re-entry pathways

Answer 8

Adenosine

Question 9

Prolongs AV node refractory period by prolongation of action potential duration. Decreases sinus node automaticity. Noncompetive alpha and beta blocking properties which elongate PR interval, increase QRS width, prolong QT and slow since rate. Relaxation of smooth and cardiac muscle and decrease in peripheral vascular resistance, SBP and afterload

Answer 9

Amiodarone

Question 10

Competitive antagonist of muscarinic activity of acetylcholine. Reduction in secretions from salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, increase in heart rate, and bronchodilation. Therapeutic actions stems mainly from effect on smooth muscles and glands, particularly in GI tract, pulmonary smooth muscle, heart, eye, and exocrine glands

Answer 10

Atropine

Question 11

Replacement of calcium, competitive with other cations- magnesium, potassium

Answer 11

Calcium Chloride

Question 12

Calorie/glucose replacement in patients with inadequate oral intake or excess insulin/oral hypoglycemic action

Answer 12

Dextrose

Question 13

Competes with histamine for binding at H1 receptors in the bronchial muscle, GI track, and large blood vessels. Suppresses formation of edema and pruritus

Answer 13

Diphenhydramine

Question 14

Produces peripheral vasoconstriction. Stimulates adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors in a dose dependent way

Answer 14

Dopamine

Question 15

Potent, nonselective agonist of alpha and beta receptors. Alpha action produces arteriolar vasoconstriction. Beta 1 action produces positive chronotropic and inotropic response, which results in increase myocardial oxygen requirement. Beta 2action produces arteriolar vasodilation and bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

Answer 15

Epinephrine

Question 16

Strong agonist at both the mu and kappa opiate receptors, causing changes in pain perception at the spinal cord level and higher levels in the CNS, producing analegesia, pupillary constriction, and respiratory depression.

Answer 16

Fentanyl

Question 17

Antihypoglycemic, inotropic and chronotropic effects, and GI smooth muscle relaxation

Answer 17

Glucagon

Question 18

Blocks postsynaptic dopaminergic receptors, depresses reticular activating system and thus decreases wakefulness and vasomotor tone

Answer 18

Haloperidol

Question 19

Binds with cyanide ion, forming cyanocobalamin, which is excreted in the urine

Answer 19

Hydroxocobalamin

Question 20

Antagonist of excitatory N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) amnio acid receptors presenting communications between the limbic system and cerebral cortex creating dissociative anesthesia with potent analgesia effects. Interacts with opiod receptors. Stimulates cholinergic receptors.

Answer 20

Ketamine

Question 21

Analgesic effects result from reversible nerve conduction blockade by diminished membrane permeability to sodium which increases the threshold for electrical excitabilty

Answer 21

Lidocaine

Question 22

Direct action on myocardium by slowing rate of SA node impulse conduction time. Stabilizes cellular membrane. Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.

Answer 22

Mag Sulfate

Question 23

Decreases inflammation by suppression of leukocyte migration and reversal of increased capillary permeability

Answer 23

Methylprednisonlone

Question 24

Binds benzodiazepines receptors on postsynaptic GABA receptors, increases inhibitory effect of GABA and results in a less excitable state and stabilization of neuronal membrane

Answer 24

Midazolam

Question 25

Binds opiate receptors in the CNS, inhibiting ascending pain pathways and altering perception of and response to pain. Produces generalized CNS depression.

Answer 25

Morphine

Question 26

Pure opioid antagonist that competes with and displaces narcotics at opioid receptor sites

Answer 26

Naloxone

Question 27

Selective serotonin blocker on vagal nerve terminals and chemoreceptors trigger zone

Answer 27

Ondansetron

Question 28

Systemic alkalinizing agent

Answer 28

Sodium Bicarb