Mechanism of Actions Flashcards
Adsorbs toxins and inhibits control for ingestions within an hour
Activated Charcoal
Irreversible inhibition of cyclocoxygenase, leading to inhibition of thromboxane A2 formation which inhibits platelet aggregation
Aspirin
Calorie/glucose replacement in patients with inadequate oral intake or excess insulin/oral hypoglycemic action
Glucose
Forms free radical nitric oxide, ultimately resulting in smooth muscle relaxation and thus vasodilation. Vasodilatory effect is more prominent on the venous than the arterial system, resulting in reduced preload, coronary artery dilation and improved collateral blood flow to ischemic myocardium
Nitroglycerin
Anti-inflammatory
Prednisone
Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle by action on beta 2 receptors
Albuterol
Blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation
Ipratropium
By slowing AV node conduction time by interrupting AV node re-entry pathways
Adenosine
Prolongs AV node refractory period by prolongation of action potential duration. Decreases sinus node automaticity. Noncompetive alpha and beta blocking properties which elongate PR interval, increase QRS width, prolong QT and slow since rate. Relaxation of smooth and cardiac muscle and decrease in peripheral vascular resistance, SBP and afterload
Amiodarone
Competitive antagonist of muscarinic activity of acetylcholine. Reduction in secretions from salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, increase in heart rate, and bronchodilation. Therapeutic actions stems mainly from effect on smooth muscles and glands, particularly in GI tract, pulmonary smooth muscle, heart, eye, and exocrine glands
Atropine
Replacement of calcium, competitive with other cations- magnesium, potassium
Calcium Chloride
Calorie/glucose replacement in patients with inadequate oral intake or excess insulin/oral hypoglycemic action
Dextrose
Competes with histamine for binding at H1 receptors in the bronchial muscle, GI track, and large blood vessels. Suppresses formation of edema and pruritus
Diphenhydramine
Produces peripheral vasoconstriction. Stimulates adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors in a dose dependent way
Dopamine
Potent, nonselective agonist of alpha and beta receptors. Alpha action produces arteriolar vasoconstriction. Beta 1 action produces positive chronotropic and inotropic response, which results in increase myocardial oxygen requirement. Beta 2action produces arteriolar vasodilation and bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
Epinephrine
Strong agonist at both the mu and kappa opiate receptors, causing changes in pain perception at the spinal cord level and higher levels in the CNS, producing analegesia, pupillary constriction, and respiratory depression.
Fentanyl
Antihypoglycemic, inotropic and chronotropic effects, and GI smooth muscle relaxation
Glucagon
Blocks postsynaptic dopaminergic receptors, depresses reticular activating system and thus decreases wakefulness and vasomotor tone
Haloperidol
Binds with cyanide ion, forming cyanocobalamin, which is excreted in the urine
Hydroxocobalamin
Antagonist of excitatory N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) amnio acid receptors presenting communications between the limbic system and cerebral cortex creating dissociative anesthesia with potent analgesia effects. Interacts with opiod receptors. Stimulates cholinergic receptors.
Ketamine
Analgesic effects result from reversible nerve conduction blockade by diminished membrane permeability to sodium which increases the threshold for electrical excitabilty
Lidocaine
Direct action on myocardium by slowing rate of SA node impulse conduction time. Stabilizes cellular membrane. Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
Mag Sulfate
Decreases inflammation by suppression of leukocyte migration and reversal of increased capillary permeability
Methylprednisonlone
Binds benzodiazepines receptors on postsynaptic GABA receptors, increases inhibitory effect of GABA and results in a less excitable state and stabilization of neuronal membrane
Midazolam
Binds opiate receptors in the CNS, inhibiting ascending pain pathways and altering perception of and response to pain. Produces generalized CNS depression.
Morphine
Pure opioid antagonist that competes with and displaces narcotics at opioid receptor sites
Naloxone
Selective serotonin blocker on vagal nerve terminals and chemoreceptors trigger zone
Ondansetron
Systemic alkalinizing agent
Sodium Bicarb
