Mechanism of Actions Flashcards
What is the MOA of Colchicine?
Inhibits mircotubule formation in bone cells and prevents neutrophil activation
Which gout medication is a purine analog and xanthine oxidase inhibitor that reduces the production of uric acid?
Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Which gout medication blocks renal tubule reabsorption of urate and increases uric acid excretion?
Probenecid (Benemid)
T/F: Febuxostat is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor
True
Which gout medication is a pegylated uricase enzyme which catalyzes oxidation of uric acid to allantoin for easier excretion?
Pegloticase (Krystexxa)
Which gout medication is a recombinant urate-axoidase enzyme which catalyzes oxidation of uric acid to allantoin for easier excretion?
Rasburicase
What is the MOA of systemic corticosteroids in arthritis treatment?
Inhibit cytokine production, adhesion, protein activation, inflammatory cell migration, and activation
Which DMARD inhibits dihydrofolate reductase which interferes with DNA synthesis, repair, and regulation?
Which cells does this have the most effect on?
Methotrexate
This effects proliferating cells (bone marrow, oral mucosa, bladder, malignancy)
Which RA medication works as a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor that blocks anti-inflammatory effect?
Leflunomide (Arava)
Which anti-malarial is used in RA treatment?
Hydroxychloroquine
Which tetracycline ABx is used for it’s anti-inflammatory properties in RA treatment?
Minocylcine
Which class of RA treatment medications are genetically engineered block inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6)?
Anti-TNFs…..
Adalimumab (Humira) Etanercept (Enbrel) Infliximab (Remicade) Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia) Golimumab (Simponi)
Abatacept is a selective __-____ costimulation modulator
T-Cell
Rituximab targets and removes abnormal __-____ to decrease the autoimmue response in RA
B-Cells
Tocilizumab is a ___-__ receptor antagonist
IL-6
Ustekinumab targets which two ILs?
IL-12
IL-23
Which class of osteoporosis medications works to increase bone mass and reduce fractures by inhibiting osteoclast activity?
Bisphosphonates…..
Alendronate
Reisedronate
Ibandronate
Zoledronic Acic
Teriparatide (Forteo) builds bone by stimulating ___________ (osteoclasts/osteoblasts).
Osteoblasts
Which medications indicated for osteoporosis is a monoclonal antibody that blocks RANK ligand, which would normally stimulate osteoclasts?
Denosumab (Prolia)
Calcitonin ________ (inhibits/stimulate) bone resorption
Inhibits
Which class of ADHD medications act as sympathomimetics to increase NE and DA in the brain by blocking reuptake?
Stimulants
Mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall) Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta) Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
Atomoxetine works as a selective _____ (NE/DA) reuptake inhibitor and is a _________ (stimulant/non-stimulant) in the treatment of ADHD
NE
Non-Stimulant
How do the BRZAs work in insomnia treatment?
Selectively bind GABA receptor at 1 site for targeted sedation without anticonvulsant effects
What is the MOA of melatonin?
Natural hormone produced by the pineal gland
What is the MOA of Ramelteon (Rozerem)?
Melatonin Receptor Angoinst used for the maintenance of normal circadian rhythms
(Other Melatonin Receptor Agonists…..Tasimelteon)
What is the name of the orexin receptor antagonist used in insomnia treatment?
Suvorexant (Belsomra)
What class of anti-depressants block the presynaptic serotonin transporter leaving more serotonin available?
SSRIs
Fluvoxamine (Luvox) Fluoxetine (Prozac) Paroxetine (Paxil) Citalopram (Celexa) Escitalopram (Lexapro) Sertraline (Zoloft) Vortioxetine (Brintellix)
What class of anti-depressants bind to 5-HT and NE receptor transporters?
SNRIs
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) Duloxetine (Cymbalta) Milnacipran (Savella) Levomilnacipran (Fetzima)
This anti-depressant works to increase central NE and 5-HT activity by being a 5-HT receptor, H1 receptor, and peripheral alpha 1 receptor antagonist?
Mirtazapine (Remeron)
What is the MOA of Bupropion (Wellbutrin)?
Weak NE and DA reuptake inhibitor
Do TCAs have anticholinergic properties?
Yes
Are TCAs more like SNRIs or SSRIs?
SNRIs
TCAs have an effect on the cells of which organ?
Heart
Block fast Na+ cells in the myocardium
What is the MOA of Trazodone and Vilazodone?
5-HT receptor antagonist and reuptake inhibitor
MAOIs work to increase levels of what?
5-HT, NE, DA
What anxiolytic medication class works by binding to the GAMMA subunit of GABA-A receptors facilitating the inhibition of GABA effects?
Benzodiazepines (BZDs)
Alprazolam (Xanax) Lorazepam (Ativan) Clonazepam (Klonopin) Diazepam (Valium) Oxazepam (Serax) Temazepam (Restoril) Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
What classes of anti-psychotic medications work as D2 receptor antagonists, 5-HT2c receptor antagonist, Alpha-1 antagonist, H1-antagonist, and M1 antagonists?
First Generation Anti-Psychotics
Haloperidol (Haldol) Fluphenazine (Prolixin) Perphenazine (Trilafon) Thioridazine (Mellaril) Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Second generation Anti-Psychotics
Aripiprazole (Abilify) Brexpiprazole (Rexulti) Asenapine Maleate (Saphris) Clozapine (Clozaril) Iloperidone (Fanapt) Lurasidone (Latuda) Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Olanzapine/Fluoxetine (Symbyax) Paliperidone (Invega) Quetiapine (Seroquel) Risperidone (Risperdal) Ziprasidone (Geodon)
What is the MOA of Valbenazine (Ingrezza)?
VMAT2 Inhibitor which works to decrease DA release
T/F: The MOA of Iloperidone (Fanapt) is relatively unknown but believed to be a DA and 5-HT antagonist
True
Asenapine (Saphris) is an antagonist to what?
DA
5-HT
NE
HI
