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Pharmacology II - EXAM 3 > Mechanism of Actions > Flashcards

Mechanism of Actions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of Colchicine?

A

Inhibits mircotubule formation in bone cells and prevents neutrophil activation

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2
Q

Which gout medication is a purine analog and xanthine oxidase inhibitor that reduces the production of uric acid?

A

Allopurinol (Zyloprim)

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3
Q

Which gout medication blocks renal tubule reabsorption of urate and increases uric acid excretion?

A

Probenecid (Benemid)

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4
Q

T/F: Febuxostat is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor

A

True

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5
Q

Which gout medication is a pegylated uricase enzyme which catalyzes oxidation of uric acid to allantoin for easier excretion?

A

Pegloticase (Krystexxa)

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6
Q

Which gout medication is a recombinant urate-axoidase enzyme which catalyzes oxidation of uric acid to allantoin for easier excretion?

A

Rasburicase

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7
Q

What is the MOA of systemic corticosteroids in arthritis treatment?

A

Inhibit cytokine production, adhesion, protein activation, inflammatory cell migration, and activation

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8
Q

Which DMARD inhibits dihydrofolate reductase which interferes with DNA synthesis, repair, and regulation?

Which cells does this have the most effect on?

A

Methotrexate

This effects proliferating cells (bone marrow, oral mucosa, bladder, malignancy)

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9
Q

Which RA medication works as a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor that blocks anti-inflammatory effect?

A

Leflunomide (Arava)

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10
Q

Which anti-malarial is used in RA treatment?

A

Hydroxychloroquine

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11
Q

Which tetracycline ABx is used for it’s anti-inflammatory properties in RA treatment?

A

Minocylcine

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12
Q

Which class of RA treatment medications are genetically engineered block inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6)?

A

Anti-TNFs…..

Adalimumab (Humira)
Etanercept (Enbrel)
Infliximab (Remicade)
Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia)
Golimumab (Simponi)
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13
Q

Abatacept is a selective __-____ costimulation modulator

A

T-Cell

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14
Q

Rituximab targets and removes abnormal __-____ to decrease the autoimmue response in RA

A

B-Cells

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15
Q

Tocilizumab is a ___-__ receptor antagonist

A

IL-6

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16
Q

Ustekinumab targets which two ILs?

A

IL-12

IL-23

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17
Q

Which class of osteoporosis medications works to increase bone mass and reduce fractures by inhibiting osteoclast activity?

A

Bisphosphonates…..

Alendronate
Reisedronate
Ibandronate
Zoledronic Acic

18
Q

Teriparatide (Forteo) builds bone by stimulating ___________ (osteoclasts/osteoblasts).

A

Osteoblasts

19
Q

Which medications indicated for osteoporosis is a monoclonal antibody that blocks RANK ligand, which would normally stimulate osteoclasts?

A

Denosumab (Prolia)

20
Q

Calcitonin ________ (inhibits/stimulate) bone resorption

A

Inhibits

21
Q

Which class of ADHD medications act as sympathomimetics to increase NE and DA in the brain by blocking reuptake?

A

Stimulants

Mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall)
Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)
Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
22
Q

Atomoxetine works as a selective _____ (NE/DA) reuptake inhibitor and is a _________ (stimulant/non-stimulant) in the treatment of ADHD

A

NE

Non-Stimulant

23
Q

How do the BRZAs work in insomnia treatment?

A

Selectively bind GABA receptor at 1 site for targeted sedation without anticonvulsant effects

24
Q

What is the MOA of melatonin?

A

Natural hormone produced by the pineal gland

25
Q

What is the MOA of Ramelteon (Rozerem)?

A

Melatonin Receptor Angoinst used for the maintenance of normal circadian rhythms

(Other Melatonin Receptor Agonists…..Tasimelteon)

26
Q

What is the name of the orexin receptor antagonist used in insomnia treatment?

A

Suvorexant (Belsomra)

27
Q

What class of anti-depressants block the presynaptic serotonin transporter leaving more serotonin available?

A

SSRIs

Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Paroxetine (Paxil)
Citalopram (Celexa)
Escitalopram (Lexapro)
Sertraline (Zoloft)
Vortioxetine (Brintellix)
28
Q

What class of anti-depressants bind to 5-HT and NE receptor transporters?

A

SNRIs

Venlafaxine (Effexor)
Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)
Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
Milnacipran (Savella)
Levomilnacipran (Fetzima)
29
Q

This anti-depressant works to increase central NE and 5-HT activity by being a 5-HT receptor, H1 receptor, and peripheral alpha 1 receptor antagonist?

A

Mirtazapine (Remeron)

30
Q

What is the MOA of Bupropion (Wellbutrin)?

A

Weak NE and DA reuptake inhibitor

31
Q

Do TCAs have anticholinergic properties?

A

Yes

32
Q

Are TCAs more like SNRIs or SSRIs?

A

SNRIs

33
Q

TCAs have an effect on the cells of which organ?

A

Heart

Block fast Na+ cells in the myocardium

34
Q

What is the MOA of Trazodone and Vilazodone?

A

5-HT receptor antagonist and reuptake inhibitor

35
Q

MAOIs work to increase levels of what?

A

5-HT, NE, DA

36
Q

What anxiolytic medication class works by binding to the GAMMA subunit of GABA-A receptors facilitating the inhibition of GABA effects?

A

Benzodiazepines (BZDs)

Alprazolam (Xanax)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Diazepam (Valium)
Oxazepam (Serax)
Temazepam (Restoril)
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
37
Q

What classes of anti-psychotic medications work as D2 receptor antagonists, 5-HT2c receptor antagonist, Alpha-1 antagonist, H1-antagonist, and M1 antagonists?

A

First Generation Anti-Psychotics

Haloperidol (Haldol)
Fluphenazine (Prolixin)
Perphenazine (Trilafon)
Thioridazine (Mellaril)
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

Second generation Anti-Psychotics

Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Brexpiprazole (Rexulti)
Asenapine Maleate (Saphris)
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Iloperidone (Fanapt)
Lurasidone (Latuda)
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Olanzapine/Fluoxetine (Symbyax)
Paliperidone (Invega)
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Ziprasidone (Geodon)
38
Q

What is the MOA of Valbenazine (Ingrezza)?

A

VMAT2 Inhibitor which works to decrease DA release

39
Q

T/F: The MOA of Iloperidone (Fanapt) is relatively unknown but believed to be a DA and 5-HT antagonist

A

True

40
Q

Asenapine (Saphris) is an antagonist to what?

A

DA
5-HT
NE
HI

Pharmacology II - EXAM 3 (5 decks)

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