mechanism of action Flashcards
chlormethiazole
sedative and hypnotic: works to enhance the action of the neurotransmitter GABA at GABA a receptor
Clonazepam
positive allosteric modulator on GABA-A
Galantamine
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor- reversible
Memantine
blockade of current flow through channels of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors
Modafinil
Inhibit the reuptake of dopamine by binding to the dopamine reuptake pump. activates glutamatergic circuits while inhibiting GABA.
Procyclidine
blocking central cholinergic receptors
SSRIs
inhibit SERT serotonin transporter
Quetiapine
D2 and 5HT2A antagonist with high D2 disassociation
Clozapine
D2 and 5HT2A antagonist with HIGHEST D2 disassociation
Buspirone
5HT1A partial agonist - presynaptic full agonist (reduces anxiety)
atomoxetine, reboxetine
NARI
nefazodone/trazodone
serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor “serotonin modulator”, weak 5HT2A and 5HT2C antagonists (Trazodone) most GI side effects
Clomipramine
highest Serotonin effect
imipramine, amitryptiline
highest Dopamine effect
mianserin and mirtazapine
inhibit alpha 2 auto-receptor increasing Na and DA transmission, mirtazapine also antagonises 5HT2A, 5HT2C and 5HT3 improving anxiety, sexual function and nausea, respectively
aripiprazole
partial D2 agonism, 5HT2A antagonism
ziprasidone
strong D2 and 5HT2A antagonism, maybe MAOI effect
valproate
inhibits GABA catabolism increasing GABA
Carbemazapine
induces own metabolism
blocks voltage gated Na channels decreasing Glutamate
lamotrigine
blocks voltage gated Na channels decreasing Glutamate
Methadone
a mu-agonist; a synthetic opioid analgesic with multiple actions qualitatively similar to those of morphine- risk of QTc prolongation and Torsades
Acamprosate
GABA b agonist
Glutamate inhibitor
If abstinence is the goal
avoid in renal disease
Buprenorphine
weak partial agonist at μ-opioid receptors.
Disulfiram
blocks acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, preventing acetaldehyde from being converted to Acetyl CoA
Naloxone
competitive antagonist at mc, κ, and σ opiate receptors in the CNS; it is thought that the drug has the highest affinity for the μ receptor
Naltrexone
Mu opioid inhibitor
If controlled drinking is the goal
When unable to stop drinking after the first drink
Avoid in severe liver disease (LFTs 3x normal)
Ropinirole
non-ergoline dopamine agonist with high relative in vitro specificity and full intrinsic activity at the D2 and D3 dopamine receptor subtypes, binding with higher affinity to D3 than to D2 or D4 receptor subtypes.
selegiline
irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B
cariprazine
a prolactin sparing antipsychotic: D2 and D3 partial agonist.
Rivastigmine
pseudo-reversible cholinesterase inhibitor- behave like AcH
Metrifonate
irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor
lithium
adjusts excitatory and inhibitory activities, decreased glutaminergic activity, increasing neural plasticity, second messenger system
Tiagabine
potent inhibitor of GABA uptake into neurons and glial cells by inhibiting the GABA transporter. GAT-1
Caffeine
. Mobilization of intracellular calcium and inhibition of specific phosphodiesterases only occur at high non-physiological concentrations of caffeine. 2. Antagonism at the level of adenosine receptors. 3. Caffeine increases energy metabolism throughout the brain but decreases at the same time cerebral blood flow, inducing a relative brain hypoperfusion.
Topiramate
Inhibition of kainate mediated conductance at AMPA glutamate recept
vigabatrin
a selective and irreversible GABA-transaminase inhibitor
phenciclidine
NMDA receptor antagonist, which blocks the activity of the NMDA Receptor
varenicline
Nicotinic receptor agonist which can cause neuropsychiatric side effects
ketamine
acts on NMDA receptor
