Mechanism of Action Flashcards
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Slows atrioventricular conduction
adenosine
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation
CLASS
-Sympathomimetic
albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Blocks sodium, potassium, and calcium channels
Prolongs the action potential and repolarization
Slows the sinus rate
Increases the PR interval and QT interval
amiodarone (Cordarone)
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Adsorbs (binds with) and inactivates toxic substances in the gastrointestinal tract
charcoal, activated
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Increases the glucose levels in the blood
dextrose 50%
AND
oral glucose
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Blocks the action of acetylcholine (anticholinergic)
Increases the heart rate
Reverses the symptoms of cholinergic poisoning
atropine sulfate
MECHANISMS OF ACTION Increases the heart rate Increases the force of myocardial contractility Increases the blood pressure Increases preload
dopamine
MECHANISMS OF ACTION Alpha-adrenergic response o Vasoconstriction Beta1-adrenergic responses o Increases the heart rate o Increases myocardial contractility Beta2-adrenergic response o Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation Blocks histamine receptors
epinephrine
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Blocks pain receptors
Produces a dissociative state
Produces anesthesia
ketamine
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Blocks H1 histamine receptors
Reverses phenothiazine reaction with extrapyramidal symptoms
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Blocks formation of thromboxane A2 which prevents platelets from clumping (aggregating)
Prevents clots from forming
acetylsalicylic acid
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Produces depression of the central nervous system
Produces anesthesia
etomidate
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys
Increases the output of urine
furosemide (Lasix)
MECHANISMS OF ACTION Converts glycogen to glucose Increases glucose levels in the blood Increases the force of myocardial contractility Increases the heart rate
glucagon
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Blocks acetylcholine receptors
Dilates the larger airways resulting in bronchodilation
CLASS
-Anticholinergic
ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Suppresses ventricular ectopic activity
Increases the threshold of ventricular fibrillation
-PHX Proflile: local anesthesia from blocking conduction of nerve impulses (conscious IO)
lidocaine
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Produces sedation by acting on the limbic system, the thalamus, and cortex
Binds to gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) benzodiazepine receptors in the brain
Raises the seizure threshold
Exerts tranquilizing action (antianxiety effect) on the central nervous system
lorazepam (Ativan)
SIMILAR TO
midazolam (Versed)
AND
diazepam (Valium)
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Decreases ventricular irritability
Decreases release of acetylcholine that inhibits muscular excitability
Causes uterine relaxation
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation
magnesium sulfate
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
- increases intracellular calcuim levels
- increases myocardial contractility
calcium chloride
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Suppresses acute and chronic inflammation
Produces immunosuppressive effect
Stabilizes cellular membranes
CLASSES
Corticosteroid
Glucocorticoid
Anti-inflammatory
methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Produces sedation by acting on the limbic system, the thalamus, and hypothalamus
Binds to gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) benzodiazepine receptors in the brain
Raises the seizure threshold
Produces tranquilizing (antianxiety) effect on the central nervous system
midazolam (Versed) (PHX med)
AND
diazepam (Valium)
SIMILAR TO
lorazepam (Ativan)
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Alleviates pain by depressing the central nervous system
Depresses brainstem respiratory centers
Decreases venous return to the heart
Decreases preload
Decreases afterload
morphine sulfate
AND
fentanyl
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Acts as a competitive antagonist at opiate receptors in the central nervous system
Reverses the effects of narcotic and synthetic analgesic drugs
o central nervous system depression
o respiratory depression
o respiratory arrest
naloxone
MECHANISMS OF ACTION Relaxes vascular smooth muscle Dilates coronary arteries resulting in increased blood flow to the myocardium Decreases workload on the heart Decreases myocardial oxygen demand Decreases preload Decreases afterload
nitroglycerin
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Alleviates pain by depressing the central nervous system
nitrous oxide 50%
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Blocks serotonin 5-HT3 receptor sites in the central nervous system
Inhibits nausea and vomiting
ondansetron (Zofran)
MECHANISMS OF ACTION Reverses hypoxia Increases arterial oxygen concentration Increases hemoglobin saturation Increases tissue oxygenation
oxygen
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Increases the force and frequency of uterine contraction
oxytocin
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Vasoconstricts blood vessels in the nasal passages
Reduces the risk of bleeding during insertion of a nasotracheal tube
phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Buffers excess acid (H+
)
Increases the pH
sodium bicarbonate
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Inhibits neuromuscular transmission resulting in temporary paralysis
succinylcholine (Anectine)
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Metabolizes carbohydrates
thiamine (vitamin B1)
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Produces vasoconstriction
vasopressin
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Slows extracellular calcium ion influx across myocardial cell membranes
Slows conduction through the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node
Slows the ventricular conduction rate in atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
diltiazem (Cardizem)
AND
verapamil
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Stops the fluoride ion found in hydrofluoric acid from penetrating tissue and bone
Neutralizes the fluoride ion to form insoluble calcium fluoride
calcium gluconate
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Promotes glucose transport which stimulates carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal and cardiac
muscle and adipose tissue
Promotes phosphorylation of glucose in the liver where it is converted to glycogen
Directly affects fat and protein metabolism
Stimulates protein synthesis
Inhibits release of free fatty acids
Indirectly decreases phosphate and potassium
insulin
CLASSES Sympathomimetic Alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist Inotropic cardiac stimulant Vasopressor
norepinephrine
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Sedative-hypnotic agent that is suspected to produce effects by the passive modulation of the inhibitory
function of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) through the ligand-gated GABA
receptors
propofol (Diprivan)
