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2019 Paramedic Drug Profiles > Mechanism of Action > Flashcards

Mechanism of Action Flashcards

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1
Q

MECHANISM OF ACTION

 Slows atrioventricular conduction

A

adenosine

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2
Q

MECHANISM OF ACTION
 Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation

CLASS
-Sympathomimetic

A

albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)

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3
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Blocks sodium, potassium, and calcium channels
 Prolongs the action potential and repolarization
 Slows the sinus rate
 Increases the PR interval and QT interval

A

amiodarone (Cordarone)

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4
Q

MECHANISM OF ACTION

 Adsorbs (binds with) and inactivates toxic substances in the gastrointestinal tract

A

charcoal, activated

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5
Q

MECHANISM OF ACTION

 Increases the glucose levels in the blood

A

dextrose 50%
AND
oral glucose

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6
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Blocks the action of acetylcholine (anticholinergic)
 Increases the heart rate
 Reverses the symptoms of cholinergic poisoning

A

atropine sulfate

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7
Q 
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Increases the heart rate
 Increases the force of myocardial contractility
 Increases the blood pressure
 Increases preload
A

dopamine

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8
Q 
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Alpha-adrenergic response
o Vasoconstriction
 Beta1-adrenergic responses
o Increases the heart rate
o Increases myocardial contractility
 Beta2-adrenergic response
o Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation
 Blocks histamine receptors
A

epinephrine

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9
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Blocks pain receptors
 Produces a dissociative state
 Produces anesthesia

A

ketamine

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10
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Blocks H1 histamine receptors
 Reverses phenothiazine reaction with extrapyramidal symptoms

A

diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

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11
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Blocks formation of thromboxane A2 which prevents platelets from clumping (aggregating)
 Prevents clots from forming

A

acetylsalicylic acid

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12
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Produces depression of the central nervous system
 Produces anesthesia

A

etomidate

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13
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys
 Increases the output of urine

A

furosemide (Lasix)

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14
Q 
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Converts glycogen to glucose
 Increases glucose levels in the blood
 Increases the force of myocardial contractility
 Increases the heart rate
A

glucagon

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15
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Blocks acetylcholine receptors
 Dilates the larger airways resulting in bronchodilation

CLASS
-Anticholinergic

A

ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)

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16
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Suppresses ventricular ectopic activity
 Increases the threshold of ventricular fibrillation

-PHX Proflile: local anesthesia from blocking conduction of nerve impulses (conscious IO)

A

lidocaine

17
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Produces sedation by acting on the limbic system, the thalamus, and cortex
 Binds to gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) benzodiazepine receptors in the brain
 Raises the seizure threshold
 Exerts tranquilizing action (antianxiety effect) on the central nervous system

A

lorazepam (Ativan)

SIMILAR TO
midazolam (Versed)
AND
diazepam (Valium)

18
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Decreases ventricular irritability
 Decreases release of acetylcholine that inhibits muscular excitability
 Causes uterine relaxation
 Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation

A

magnesium sulfate

19
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION

  • increases intracellular calcuim levels
  • increases myocardial contractility
A

calcium chloride

20
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Suppresses acute and chronic inflammation
 Produces immunosuppressive effect
 Stabilizes cellular membranes

CLASSES
 Corticosteroid
 Glucocorticoid
 Anti-inflammatory

A

methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)

21
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Produces sedation by acting on the limbic system, the thalamus, and hypothalamus
 Binds to gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) benzodiazepine receptors in the brain
 Raises the seizure threshold
 Produces tranquilizing (antianxiety) effect on the central nervous system

A

midazolam (Versed) (PHX med)
AND
diazepam (Valium)

SIMILAR TO
lorazepam (Ativan)

22
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Alleviates pain by depressing the central nervous system
 Depresses brainstem respiratory centers
 Decreases venous return to the heart
 Decreases preload
 Decreases afterload

A

morphine sulfate
AND
fentanyl

23
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Acts as a competitive antagonist at opiate receptors in the central nervous system
 Reverses the effects of narcotic and synthetic analgesic drugs
o central nervous system depression
o respiratory depression
o respiratory arrest

A

naloxone

24
Q 
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Relaxes vascular smooth muscle
 Dilates coronary arteries resulting in increased blood flow to the myocardium
 Decreases workload on the heart
 Decreases myocardial oxygen demand
 Decreases preload
 Decreases afterload
A

nitroglycerin

25
Q

MECHANISM OF ACTION

 Alleviates pain by depressing the central nervous system

A

nitrous oxide 50%

26
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Blocks serotonin 5-HT3 receptor sites in the central nervous system
 Inhibits nausea and vomiting

A

ondansetron (Zofran)

27
Q 
MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Reverses hypoxia
 Increases arterial oxygen concentration
 Increases hemoglobin saturation
 Increases tissue oxygenation
A

oxygen

28
Q

MECHANISM OF ACTION

 Increases the force and frequency of uterine contraction

A

oxytocin

29
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Vasoconstricts blood vessels in the nasal passages
 Reduces the risk of bleeding during insertion of a nasotracheal tube

A

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)

30
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Buffers excess acid (H+
)
 Increases the pH

A

sodium bicarbonate

31
Q

MECHANISM OF ACTION

 Inhibits neuromuscular transmission resulting in temporary paralysis

A

succinylcholine (Anectine)

32
Q

MECHANISM OF ACTION

 Metabolizes carbohydrates

A

thiamine (vitamin B1)

33
Q

MECHANISM OF ACTION

 Produces vasoconstriction

A

vasopressin

34
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Slows extracellular calcium ion influx across myocardial cell membranes
 Slows conduction through the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node
 Slows the ventricular conduction rate in atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

A

diltiazem (Cardizem)
AND
verapamil

35
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Stops the fluoride ion found in hydrofluoric acid from penetrating tissue and bone
 Neutralizes the fluoride ion to form insoluble calcium fluoride

A

calcium gluconate

36
Q

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Promotes glucose transport which stimulates carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal and cardiac
muscle and adipose tissue
 Promotes phosphorylation of glucose in the liver where it is converted to glycogen
 Directly affects fat and protein metabolism
 Stimulates protein synthesis
 Inhibits release of free fatty acids
 Indirectly decreases phosphate and potassium

A

insulin

37
Q 
CLASSES
 Sympathomimetic
 Alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist
 Inotropic cardiac stimulant
 Vasopressor
A

norepinephrine

38
Q

MECHANISM OF ACTION
Sedative-hypnotic agent that is suspected to produce effects by the passive modulation of the inhibitory
function of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) through the ligand-gated GABA
receptors

A

propofol (Diprivan)

2019 Paramedic Drug Profiles (4 decks)

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