Mechanism conditions Flashcards
1
Q
Nucleophilic substitution
A
- warm/hot, ethanolic potassium cyanide
- Warm aqueous sodium/ potassium hydroxide/ water, reflux
- AgNO3- source of water
- Warm, excess ethanolic ammonia
2
Q
Elimination reaction
A
- Warm, hydroxide ions dissolved in ethanol
- Reflux
- Alkenes
- Adjacent
- Halogenoalkanes to alkenes
3
Q
Electrophilic addition
A
- hydrogen halides
- cold concentrated sulfuric acid, add cold water and warm the product to form an alcohol
- Halogens
- water in the form of steam, hot, concentrated phosphoric/sulfuric acid catalyst
4
Q
Dehydration of alcohols
A
- Produces alkenes, sometimes a mixture with water
- Concentrated sulfuric acid/ phosphoric acid an aluminium oxide catalyst/ acid catalyst
5
Q
Hydration of alcohols
A
- Steam (300C), and acid catalyst (phosphoric (v) acid catalyst)
- Reversible
- Pressure 60atm
6
Q
Free radical substitution reaction
A
- Alkanes to halogenoalkanes
- U.V light
- Chlorine radical and bromine radical
- Chain reaction
7
Q
Oxidation reaction
A
- Primary alcohols to aldehydes
- Secondary alcohols to ketones
- Aldehydes to carboxylic acid under reflux (acidified potassium dichromate)
8
Q
give a reagent for an elimination reaction
A
dehydration or elimination 1
(conc) H2SO4 or (conc) H3PO4
allow dilute and Al2O3
Do not allow iron oxides
