Mechanics of ventilation

Question 1

volume of air in a container is inversely proportional to the pressure within that container

Answer 1

Boyle’s Law

Question 2

an increase in pressure (more positive) will

Answer 2

decrease the volume of gas

Question 3

a decrease in pressure (more negative) will

Answer 3

increase the volume of gas

Question 4

What muscles work during Inhalation

Answer 4

• sternocleidomastoid muscles-lift sternum up
• Scalene muscles-elevates ribs 1 & 2
• Pectoralis minor muscles- elevate ribs 3 to 5

Question 5

What muscles work during Exhalation

Answer 5

• Abdominal muscles

- Internal Intercostal muscles

Question 6

the ease with which the lungs or chest wall expand

Answer 6

Compliance

Question 7

the ease of airflow down through the tubes

Answer 7

Airway Resistance

Question 8

two conditions that may require the use of accessory muscles to generate a greater force to fill & empty the lungs & higher airway resistance & poor compliance

Answer 8

Compliance & Airway Resistance

Question 9

air in the pleural space causing collapse of the lungs

Answer 9

Pneumothorax

Question 10

blood in the pleural space causing collapse of the lungs

Answer 10

Hemothorax

Question 11

air & blood in pleural space

Answer 11

Hemopneumothorax

Question 12

amount of air moved in 1 minute

Answer 12

minute ventilation

Question 13

minute ventilation equation=

Answer 13

tidal volume(VT) x ventilation rate

Question 14

Average tidal volume=

Answer 14

500mL x 12/min = 6,000mL

Question 15

amount of air moved in & out of the alveoli in 1 minute

Answer 15

Alveolar Ventilation

Question 16

no gas exchange occurs in what space?

Answer 16

Dead space

Question 17

used when extra effort is needed for inhalation or exhalation

Answer 17

Accessory muscles

Question 18

the ease of airflow into & out of the airway structures

Answer 18

Resistance

Question 19

Negative pressure is maintained in the

Answer 19

Pleural space

Question 20

Air that does not reach the alveoli, remaining in the trachea & bronchi, is called?

Answer 20

dead space air

Question 21

Alveolar ventilation=

Answer 21

(tidal volume-dead air space) x frequency of ventilation/minute

Question 22

Hypoxia can occur from:

Answer 22

• a low tidal volume
• a slow ventilator rate
• a fast ventilator rate

Question 23

When the ventilator rate is too fast:

Answer 23

there is inadequate time between breaths to fill the lungs

Question 24

Ventilatory rates of ___ per min. or greater in ADULTS are too fast to allow adequate time for normal tidal volume

Answer 24

40

Question 25

Ventilatory rates of ___ per min. or greater in a PEDIATRIC are too fast to allow adequate time for normal tidal volume

Answer 25

60